Aim And Objective:

The aim of a herbal scrub is to exfoliate and rejuvenate the skin using natural ingredients. The objectives of using a herbal scrub include:

1. Exfoliation: Removing dead skin cells and impurities from the skin's surface, promoting a smoother and brighter complexion.

2. Skin Renewal: Stimulating cell regeneration and promoting healthier skin by unclogging pores and improving blood circulation.

3. Nourishment: Providing essential nutrients to the skin through natural ingredients like Tulsi, turmeric, and almond oil, which can help moisturize and revitalize the skin.

4. Gentle Cleansing: Cleansing the skin without harsh chemicals, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.

5. Aromatherapy: Some herbal scrubs, like those containing sandalwood powder, offer aromatherapeutic benefits, promoting relaxation and stress relief during the skincare routine.

By incorporating a herbal scrub into your skincare regimen, you can achieve a more radiant and rejuvenated complexion while benefiting from the natural properties of the ingredients used.

Herbal cosmetics:

Herbal cosmetics are beauty products that are made using natural ingredients derived from plants, herbs, and botanical extracts. These products are often free from harsh chemicals and synthetic additives, making them a popular choice for those looking for more natural skincare and beauty options. They can include things like herbal oils, herbal face masks, herbal shampoos, and more. They're great for people who prefer a more holistic approach to their beauty routine!

Cosmetics science:

Cosmetic science, also known as cosmetology, is all about studying beauty products like skincare creams, makeup, and hair care items to understand how they work on our skin and hair. Cosmetic scientists create and test these products to make sure they are safe and effective for enhancing beauty and improving skin health. In today's world, cosmetics play a significant part in beautifying and changing the appearance of skin for both men and women Starting in the 1990s, cosmetic manufacturers used the word "cosmetics "to characterize over the-counter skin care products that promise therapeutic benefit from the inclusion of plant-based active ingredients such as alpha- hydroxy acid, retinoic acid, ascorbic acid, and coenzyme. These active compounds perform several functions, including increasing skin appearance and beauty.

Cosmetology, another name for cosmetic science, is the study of beauty products, such as makeup, skincare creams, and hair care products, to determine how they affect our skin and hair. These products are developed and tested by cosmetic scientists to ensure their safety and efficacy in augmenting beauty and promoting skin health. In the modern world, cosmetics have a big impact on how both men and women look and feel about their skin. The term  cosmeceuticals was first used by cosmetic producers in the 1990s to describe over-the-counter skin care products that included active compounds derived from plants, such as coenzyme, retinoic acid, alpha-hydroxy acid, and ascorbic acid, and promised therapeutic benefits. These active ingredients enhance the beauty and look of skin among other things.

 The Drugs and Cosmetics Act defines cosmetics as articles that are meant to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, sprayed, introduced into, or applied in any other way to the human body or any portion of it in order to cleanse, beautify, promote attractiveness, or change appearance. The cosmetic is not covered by a drug license preview. Herbal cosmetics are concoctions made from phytochemicals derived from a range of botanical sources. These compounds impact the skin's functions and supply the nutrients required for healthy, supple skin. They also delay the aging process of the skin by reducing wrinkles, offer antioxidant protection against UV rays, and stop the breakdown of collagen.

Summertime dehydration from prolonged heat exposure to the skin results in wrinkles, freckles, blemishes, pigmentation, and sunburns. Extreme cold can damage skin by causing cuts, fissures, maceration, and infections. Skin diseases are common in persons of all ages and can be caused by exposure to biological agents, chemicals, bacteria, and other environmental contaminants; hunger can also have a minor role. Their only source of support was the natural knowledge contained in the Ayurvedic Many herbs and plants were used in the science of ayurveda to create cosmetics that were meant to enhance beauty and provide protection from outside influences. Using natural substances means that your skin's surface needs to be cleansed often to get rid of impurities, dead cells, crusts, oil, and other secretions in order to be healthy and look nice. Face soap, scrub, serum, cream, face pack, etc.

Ancient history of herbal scrub:

In ancient times, herbal scrubs have a rich history across various cultures. Ancient civilizations like the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Indians utilized herbal ingredients such as plants, flowers, and natural exfoliants to create scrubs for skincare. These herbal scrubs were valued for their ability to cleanse, exfoliate, and nourish the skin, reflecting the early recognition of the benefits of natural ingredients in skincare routines.

What is Exfoliant:

A facial scrub uses small particles, beads or chemicals to get rid of the old skin cells and make way for new once in a process known as exfoliation. The agents are used for exfoliation are known as exfoliants. Exfoliating agents are those used to remove dead cells present on the skin and boost blood circulation, giving renewed and glowing skin. It keeps face free from dust, grime and oils which are also beneficial in keeping a skin pore clean. Exfoliation involves the removal of the oldest dead skin cells from the skin's surface. The word comes from the Latin word exfoliate (to strip off leaves). Exfoliation is involved in all facials and can be achieved by the mechanical or chemical methods, such chemical peels or microdermabrasion. Exfoliants are frequently promoted as remedies that enhance health, beauty, or a young appearance.

There are two ways to exfoliant the skin.

 1. Physical Exfoliation

 2. Chemical Exfoliation

1.Physical Exfoliation:

Abrasive agents are used to remove dead cells by gently rubbing the skin in circular motion with hand or by rough sponge.[7] This category includes washcloths, specialized beauty tools such as exfoliating brushes or gloves. Physical exfoliation removes the topmost layer of dead skin to reveal the fresh skin cells underneath.[8]

2.Chemical Exfoliation:

Chemically dissolves the initial glue that holds dead skin cells together and then penetrates the upper layer of the skin for complete removal of dead cells. [9] Chemical exfoliation involves a topical acid, such as salicylic acid, which dissolves dead skin cells. They typically work by weakening the bonds that hold skin cells together, allowing for dead skin to slough away easily.

The agents are used for exfoliation are known as exfoliants. This word comes from Latin word exfoliant (to strip off leaves). Exfoliation is involved in all facial and can be achieved by mechanical or chemical means such as, microdermabrasion or chemical peel. Exfoliants are often advertised as treatments that promote beauty, youthful, appearance or health.

Benefits of using an exfoliant:

1. Helps to removing dirt and grime

2. Helps even out your skin tone

3. Improves the efficacy and moisturize the skin

4. Prevent the spots and give clear complexion

5. Cleans skin before shaving, removes dead skin cells that clog up razor and improve shaving. 6. Provide glow to the skin.

7. Smooths the skin

8. Remove acnes scars.

9. Helps to unclog pores.

10. It helps other skincare products to penetrate deeper.

11. Boosts circulation.

 Ideal properties of an exfoliant]

 1. Non- toxic

 2. Non- irritant

 3. Non- sticky

 4. Remove dead skin

Precaution to be taken while applying an exfoliant:

1. An exfoliant is selected based on the skin type.

2. Excessive exfoliating and rubbing can damage the skin

3. Do not exfoliant skin if any open wounds, cuts, and sunburns present.

4. Apply twice a week.

Difference between Herbal and Synthetic scrub

Poly herbal scrub

The herbal face scrub is a popular face treatment which is made from natural ingredients from plants such as herbs, leaves, fruits.

tree barks, cereals, seeds, beans, or flowers that can be used to exfoliate the dead skin cells and 2 moisturize our skin.

1) How to use a face scrub

a) Step 1-Cleanse. The first step on how to do scrub on face is to cleanse the skin....

b) Step 2-Take The Right Amount. Take a dime size amount of your face scrub and apply it toyour palm....

c) Step 3-And On To Your Face.....

d) Step 4-Massage Well....

e) Step 5-Rinse Away....

f) Step 6The skin on the face has some unique characteristics compared to the skin on other parts of the body. Let's explore the layers and structures of the facial skin:                                                  

SKIN

Skin is the protective outer layer of our body that shields from harm and helps regulate body temperature. It consist of multiple layers, with the epidermis being the outermost layer responsible for waterproofing and protection, below the epidermis lies the dermis, which contain blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles.

Skin Anatomy:

1. Epidermis:

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin on the face. It consists of several sublayers, including the stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. The stratum corneum is the topmost layer and acts as a protective barrier, preventing the loss of moisture and protecting against external factors. The stratum basale is the deepest layer and contains cells that continuously divide, replenishing the upper layers of the epidermis.

Dermis

The dermis is the layer beneath the epidermis and provides structural support to the facial skin. It is thicker than the epidermis and contains various components such as blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. The dermis is composed of two main layers: the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis. The papillary dermis is closer to the epidermis and contains small blood vessels and sensory nerve endings. The reticular dermis is deeper and consists of collagen and elastin fibers, which give the skin strength and elasticity.

Subcutaneous Tissue:

The subcutaneous tissue, also known as the hypodermis, is the deepest layer of the facial skin. It is composed of fat cells (adipocytes), blood vessels, and connective tissue. The subcutaneous tissue provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage. It also helps to maintain the shape and contour of the face.

 - Hair Follicles: Hair follicles are found on the face and produce hair. These follicles are    responsible for the growth of facial hair, such as eyebrows, eyelashes, and beard hair in men.

Sweat pores:

Sweat pores are tiny openings on the surface of the skin that allow sweat to be released from the sweat glands onto the skin's surface. These pores are essential for regulating body temperature by releasing sweat, which helps cool the body through evaporation. Sweat pores are distributed all over the body, with a higher concentration in areas like the palms, soles of the feet, and underarms. Keeping the sweat pores clean through regular cleansing can help prevent issues like clogged pores and body odor.

Adipose tissue:

Adipose tissue, also known as body fat, is a type of connective tissue found beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat) and around internal organs (visceral fat). It serves various functions such as storing energy, providing insulation, and cushioning organs. Adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes (fat cells) that can expand or shrink depending on energy balance. It also secretes hormones that regulate metabolism. Maintaining a healthy level of adipose tissue is important for overall health and plays a role in body temperature regulation and hormone production.

Nerve:

Nerves in the skin of the face play a vital role in sensory perception and motor function. These nerves are responsible for transmitting sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain from the skin to the brain. They also control muscle movements in the face, allowing for expressions like smiling or frowning. The trigeminal nerve is the primary nerve responsible for sensation in the face, dividing into three branches that innervate different areas. Damage to facial nerves can lead to issues with sensation, muscle control, or facial expressions.

Sweat Gland:

Sweat glands in the skin of the face, like in other parts of the body, are essential for regulating body temperature. The face has two types of sweat glands: eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands. Eccrine sweat glands are more numerous and are responsible for producing sweat that is mostly composed of water and salts. They help cool the body by releasing sweat onto the skin's surface. Apocrine sweat glands, found in areas like the armpits and groin, produce a thicker secretion that can be broken down by bacteria, leading to body odor. Proper skincare and hygiene can help maintain the balance of sweat production and keep the face skin healthy.

Advantage Of Herbal Scrub:

1. Gentle on the skin: Herbal scrubs are typically milder and less abrasive, making them suitable for sensitive skin types.

2. Natural exfoliation: The natural ingredients in herbal scrubs help to gently remove dead skin cells, revealing a smoother and brighter complexion.

3. Unclogs pores: Herbal scrubs can effectively unclog pores, reducing the occurrence of blackheads and whiteheads.

4. Nourishing and moisturizing: Many herbal scrubs contain nourishing ingredients that can hydrate and moisturize the skin, leaving it soft and supple.

5. Reduced risk of irritation: Since herbal scrubs are made from natural ingredients, they are less likely to cause skin irritation or allergic reactions.

6.  Ideal Properties of Scrub -

It should be Non toxic

Possess small gritty particles

Mild abrasive

Non irritating

Disadvantage Of Herbal Scrub:

1. Over-exfoliation: Using a scrub too frequently or with too much pressure can lead to over-exfoliation, causing redness, irritation, or dryness.

2. Not suitable for all skin types: Some skin types, such as sensitive or acne-prone skin, may not tolerate scrubs well and could experience increased sensitivity or breakouts.

3. Risk of micro-tears: If the scrub particles are too rough or jagged, they can create tiny tears in the skin, leading to irritation or infection.

4. Uneven results: Scrubs may not provide consistent exfoliation, resulting in uneven texture or patchy skin.

5. Potential for irritation: Some scrubs contain fragrances or harsh ingredients that can irritate the skin, especially for those with sensitive skin.

- Sweat Glands: Sweat glands are present on the face and help regulate body temperature by producing sweat-Finish Off With A Moisturiser

Ingredients:

1. Tulsi:

•  Synonym- Tulsi
• Biological source - It is made out of dried Ocimum sanctum L leaves, which are a member of the Lamiaceae.
• Description Colour – Green

Odour – Aromatic

Taste – Pungent

• Principal chemical components: rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid
• Applications Enhances skin texture, minimizes acne and pimples, and cleanses

2.Turmeric:

•  Synonym-Curcuma longa
• Biological source: Dried rhizomes of the family Curcuma longa constituent Zingiberaceae.
• Characteristics:
• Color: Yellow;
• Odor: Aromatic;
• Taste: Bitter
• Chief chemical constituents - Curcumin, Curcuminoids
• Uses -Reduce acne, Glowing skin, Lightens

3. Honey

•  Synonym- Shahad