Abstract
Escitalopram is a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and an antidepressant used to treat Major Depressive Disorder. In 2011, escitalopram was approved in over 100 countries. Different analytical methods are being developed to identify the physicochemical properties of escitalopram in pharmaceutical dosage forms, chemical substances, and synthetic compositions. The Literature Review survey provides the most appropriate techniques for estimating escitalopram and identifies the most efficient solvents used to estimate escitalopram
Keywords
Treatment, Resistance Escitalopram, Analytical
Introduction
Escitalopram is the S-enantiomer of citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat Major Depressive Disorder with high overall tolerability. Escitalopram medication is less likely than many other antidepressants to result in clinically significant drug interactions. The key isoenzymes involved in escitalopram metabolism are cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6. Escitalopram wasapproved in 100 countries across Europe, North America, and other regions as of November 2011. Escitalopram is used to treat generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and major depressive disorder. Escitalopram inhibits SERT with great selectivity and dose-dependent efficacy. Its antidepressant properties derive from its suppression of serotonin reuptake into presynaptic nerve endings, which increases serotonin activity in the central nervous system. Radioligand binding experiments evaluated that escitalopram had significantly higher selectivity for SERT than citalopram and several other SSRIs. Two decision-analytic investigations conducted in Finland and Sweden discovered that when used to treat addiction, escitalopram had a higher cost utility than the other three medicines. Escitalopram should not be used in conjunction with irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and at least 2 weeks should pass between discontinuing escitalopram and starting an irreversible MAOI.
Drug Profile[4] :
Escitalopram is an anti-depressant medication used to treat major depressive disorder. Amongst the SSRIs, escitalopram has the highest degree of selectivity for the serotonin transporter (SERT) compared to other off-targets, which may explain why it has lower rates of side effects than other drugs in its class.
Table 1: Drug Profile of Escitalopram
Current studies on Escitalopram
A recent study investigated the cognitive effects of chronic escitalopram administration in healthy volunteers. Another study explored escitalopram's effects on synaptic density in the human brain. Research has also examined the long-term effects of escitalopram on cardiac outcomes in patients who have experienced acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
Literature Review
Table 2: Reported UV method for Escitalopram
Table 3: HPLC method of escitalopram
Table 4: HPTLC method of Escitalopram
Table 5 LC/MS method of Escitalopram
Graphical Evaluation of Analytical Methods Found in Review
Fig 1. Methods found for Escitalopram.
CONCLUSION
Escitalopram is the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used as first line medication for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. In 2011, escitalopram was approved in 100 countries in Europe, North America, and other regions. There are many analytical methods available for estimation of escitalopram alone or in combination with other drugs. Among these methods HPLC assisted with UV and PDA detector are abundant analytical techniques available in literature review for estimation in pharmaceutical dosage forms as well as in synthetic composition. On the basis of literature review we found that most of the methods are developed using phosphate buffer and methanol as solvents.
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10.5281/zenodo.14000510
