There are both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions associated with this disease. Eighty percent of young people worldwide suffer from acne, which has a major negative influence on their quality of life. For both sexes, the age range of 21–25 years was where frequency peaked. Due to the disease's prevalence, 20% of all dermatologist visits are related to acne.^[1] The most prevalent dermatological condition affecting pilosebaceous units is acne vulgaris. Topical therapy containing antimicrobials, comedolytics, and anti-inflammatory agents is advised for the treatment of acne.^[2] Long-term inflammation of the pilosebaceous units caused by acne vulgaris is typified by seborrhea, comedones, erythematous papules, and pustules; less commonly, nodules, deep pustules or pseudocysts appear, is sometimes coupled with scarring.^[3,4] Four etiological factors are linked to the pathophysiology of acne: elevated sebum production, aberrant keratization of the pilosebaceous duct, Propionibacterium acnes colonisation of the follicular microflora, and the body's inflammatory and immune response. The main microbe present in the sebaceous gland is Propionibacterium acnes. Its capacity to form and persist as a biofilm within the pilosebaceous unit may be linked to its role in the pathogenesis of acne. ^[5,6]

Plant Profile

1] Harad

       
           
       
Fig 1: Harad

Common name: Harad, Haritaki.

Synonym: Abhaya, amruta.

Scientific name: Terminalia chebula.

Family: Combretaceae.

Biological source:  Terminalia chebula Retz.

Chemical constituents: phenolic acids, benzoic acids, cinnamic acids, flavonoids, beta-sitosterol (a plant sterol used to reduce cholesterol levels) and glycosides.

Applications: Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial.

Taxonomical Classification:

           
       

1. Antifungal activity 

Aqueous extract of T. chebula show antifungal activity against a number of dermatophytes (e.g. Epidermophyton, Floccosum, Microsporum gypseum and Tricophyton rubrum) and yeasts (e.g. Candida albicans). Aqueous, alcoholic and ethyl acetate extracts of leaves of Haritaki was also tested against five pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Alternaria brassicicola, A. alternate and Helminthosporium tetramera) with the help of paper disc method.                  

2. Anti-carcinogenic activity

Harad fruit extract may have the potential the growth or increase in the number of cancer cells and induced death in several types of cancer cells, including human breast cancer cells, human bone cancer cells, and prostate cancer cells in lab-scale studies.⁷ Acetone extract of T. chebula has been reported to contain Phytochemicals with promising antimutagenic and ant carcinogenic properties.⁸ 

3. Antibacterial activity

Antibacterial activity of T. chebula exhibited against various Gram positive and negative bacteria such as Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, iBacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa suggesting its broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.

4. Antioxidant activity

Haritaki shows In vitro evaluation of tri-ethyl chebula is a strong antioxidant and freeradical scavenger, which is help for anti-oxidative ability.

2] Neem

       
           
       
Fig 2: Neem

Common name: Neem.

Synonym: Indian lilac.

Scientific name: Azadirachta indica.

Family: Meliaceae.

Biological source: fresh or dried leaves and seed oil of Azadirachta indica

J. Juss (Melia Indica or M. azadirachta Linn.).

Chemical constituents: nimbolinin, nimbin, nimbidin, nimbidol, sodium nimbinate.

Applications: Antifungal, Anti-bacterial, Anti-inflammatory.

Taxonomical Classification:

           
       

1. Anti-bacterial

An experiment was made to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the bark, leaf, seed, and fruit extracts of Azadirachta indica on bacteria isolated from adult mouth and results revealed that bark and leaf extracts showed antibacterial activity against all the test bacteria used.

2. Anti-inflammatory activity

Results of a study revealed that neem leaf extract showed significant anti-inflammatory effect Results of a study revealed that neem leaf extract showed significant anti-inflammatory effect. study results suggest that nimbidin suppresses the functions of macrophages and ulcer, and rheumatism. To control different skin infections neem, oil has been found to be useful.

3. Anti-fungal activity

A study showed the antimicrobial role of aqueous extracts of neem cake in the inhibition of spore germination against three sporulating fungi such as C. lunata, H. pennisetti, and C. gloeosporioides f. sp. Mangiferae  and  results  of  the  study revealed  that  methanol  and  ethanol  extract  of  Azadirachta indica  showed  growth inhibition  against  Aspergillus  flavus, Alternaria solani, and Cladosporium.

3] Turmeric

       
           
       
Fig 3: Turmeric

Common name: Turmeric.

Synonym: Saffron Indian, Curcuma, Curcumin.

Scientific name: Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica.

Family: Zingiberaceae.

Biological source: Rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the ginger family Zingiberaceae.

Chemical constituents: curcumin (CUR), demethoxy curcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC).                              

Applications: anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, nematocidal, antiparasitic, antispasmodic.

Taxonomical Classification:

           
       

1. Anti-inflammatory properties

Oral administration of curcumin in instances of acute inflammation was found to be as effective as cortisone or phenylbutazone. Oral administration of Curcuma longa significantly reduced inflammatory swelling. C. longa’s anti-inflammatory properties may be attributed to its ability to inhibit both biosynthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, and neutrophil function during inflammatory states.

2. Antioxidant properties

Water and fat-soluble extracts of turmeric and its curcumin component exhibit strong antioxidant activity, comparable to vitamins C and E. Clinical research on curcumin’s therapeutic benefit for pancreatitis is limited and has primarily focused on its antioxidant properties.

3. Anticarcinogenic properties

The effect of Curcuma longa on myocardial apoptosis in experimentally induced myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury was investigated by Mohanty et al. 2006. Curcuma longa demonstrated significant anti-apoptotic property, which might contribute to the observed preservation in cardioprotective properties and cardiac function.

4. Antimicrobial properties

Turmeric extract and the essential oil of Curcuma longa inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria, parasites, and pathogenic fungi. A study of chicks infected with the caecal parasite Eimera maxima demonstrated that diets supplemented with turmeric resulted in a reduction in small intestinal lesion scores and improved weight gain.

4] Aloe Vera

       
           
       
Fig 4: Aloe Vera

Common name: Aloe Vera.

Synonym: Aloe barbadensis Mill, Aloe indica Royle.

Scientific name: Aloe barbadensis Miller.

Family: Asphodelaceae.

Biological source: Dried latex of leaves of aloe vera.

Chemical constituents: Lupeol, salicylic acid, urea nitrogen, cinnamonic acid, phenols and sulfur.

Applications:  Anti-oxidant, Anti-bacterial, Anti-inflammatory.

Taxonomical Classification:

           
       

1. Anti-inflammatory action

Inflammation is an innate response of the body against an injury, characterized by swelling, pain, redness and heat, resulting in delay in the healing process. The anti-inflammatory action of Aloe vera gel not only relieves from pain and discomfort, but also accelerates the healing process.

2. Anti-oxidant effects

Aloe vera possesses enormous antioxidant effect. Glutathione peroxidise activity, superoxide dismutase enzymes and a phenolic anti-oxidant were found to be present in A. vera.

Materials and Methods

Collection:

First, we identified and collect the plant seeds of harad, aloe vera, neem and turmeric from the different localities of vathar and its nearby areas and washed them thoroughly with distilled water. The cleaned plant parts are then allowed for the complete shade drying and then made to a fine powder with a mechanical grinder and stored in an air-tight container.

Extraction:

1. Preparation of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) extract:

After gathering and properly cleaning the leaves with distilled water, the leaves were allowed to dry in the shade for a period of ten days. Powdered dried leaf material was created. After mixing 150 ml of 90% ethanol into 100 g of powder, it was placed in a percolator and allowed to macerate for seven days, stirring periodically, after being infused with 350 ml of 90% ethanol for three hours. A residue that was blackish-green was obtained by collecting and condensing the ethanolic extract. Airtight containers were used to store the extract in a dark, cold environment.

2. Preparation of Aloe vera:

Raw aloe vera is washed and green portion is completely removed. The transparent sticky mucilage is grinded and used as herbal extract of Aloe vera.

3. Preparation of harad:

Properly clean the seeds of harad with distilled water. Powdered dried seed material was created. After mixing 150 ml of 90% ethanol into 100 g of powder, it was placed in a percolator and allowed to macerate for seven days, stirring periodically, after being infused with 350 ml of 90% ethanol for three hours. A residue that was blackish-brown was obtained by collecting and condensing the ethanolic extract. Airtight containers were used to store the extract in a dark, cold environment.

       
           
       
Fig 5: Soxhlet apparatus

1. Preparation of turmeric:        

After gathering and properly cleaning the rhizomes of curcuma longa with distilled water, the rhizomes were allowed to dry in the shade for a period of ten days. Powdered dried rhizomes material was created. After mixing 150 ml of 90% ethanol into 100 g of powder, it was placed in a percolator and allowed to macerate for seven days, stirring periodically, after being infused with 350 ml of 90% ethanol for three hours. A residue that was yellow was obtained by collecting and condensing the ethanolic extract. Airtight containers were used to store the extract in a dark, cold environment.

Screening

Preliminary phytochemical screening of harad:

       
           
       
Table 3: Preliminary phytochemical screening of Neem

Table 5: Ingredients

• Melt the bees wax and mineral oil (almond oil) together and bring to a temp to 70^oc.
• Dissolve borax and methyl paraben in water and bring the temp of this solution to 70^oc.
• Add water phase to oil phase with rapid stirring.
• After the addition of water, agitated slowly while cooling.
• Add the extracts, perfume and preservative at the temp at 50^oc.
• Fill into the jars when cream has cooled to 42^oc.

       
           
       
Fig 6: Formulation

Batches of cream formulation

Evaluation of cream

1. Physical evaluation:

Formulated herbal cream was further evaluated by using the following physical parameters. Colour, Odour, Consistency, and state of the formulation.

1. Colour:

The colour of the cream was observed by visual examination. The result is slightly yellow.

2. Odour:

 The odour of cream was found to be characteristics.

(c) Consistency:

The formulation was examined by rubbing cream on hand manually. The cream having smooth consistency. Cream did not leave greasy substances on skin surface after application.

(d) State:

The state of cream was examined visually. The cream having a semisolid state.

2. Washability:

Formulation was applied on the skin and then ease extends of washing with water was checked. Result is easily washable.

3. Non-irritancy test:

Herbal cream formulation was evaluated for the non-irritancy test. Observation of the sites was done for 24 hrs. Result is non-irritant.

4. Viscosity:

Viscosity of cream was done by using Brooke field viscometer at the temp of 25 °C using spindle no.63 at 5rpm. Result is 39010cps.

5. Phase separation:

The prepared cream was transferred in a suitable wide mouth container. Set aside for storage, the oil phase and aqueous phase separation were visualizing after 24hrs. Result is no phase separation.

6. Spread ability:

The spread ability was expressed in terms of time in seconds taken by two slides to slip off from the cream, placed in between the slides, under certain load. Lesser the time taken for separation of the two slides better the spread ability. Two sets of glass slides of standard dimension were taken. Then one slide of suitable dimension was taken and the cream formulation was placed on that slide. Then other slide was placed on the top of the formulation. Then a weight or certain load was placed on the upper slide so that the cream between the two slides was pressed uniformly to form a thin layer. Then the weight was removed and excess of formulation adhering to the slides was scrapped off. The upper slide was allowed to slip off freely by the force of weight tied to it. The time taken by the upper slide to slip off was 10 sec. Result is 22.8 (g×cm/sec).     

Spread ability= m × l/t

Where,

m= Standard weight which is tied to or placed over the upper slide (30g)

l= length of a glass slide (5 cm)

t= time taken in seconds.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

All the parameters which were evaluated found to give good results and the results are tabulated below.

       
           
       
Table 8: Observation