G. H. Raisoni University Saikheda (GHRUS), Pandhurna, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic medical condition in which the body refuses to produce sufficient amounts of insulin, a hormone of the pancreas that is responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels in the body. It occurs when the body experiences insulin deficiency which increases blood glucose levels. There are many herbs used for treating diabetes but Moringa Oleifera shows 40-60% more effectiveness than other herbs for treating diabetes. M. Oleifera shows anti-hyperglycemic (antidiabetic) activity, it also shows the effect of reducing glycemia without causing any adverse effects. The mechanism of glycemia includes inhibition of ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase which increases glucose uptake in the liver and glucose uptake from the intestine, M. Oleifera decreases gluconeogenesis in the liver and increases insulin sensitivity and secretion. Studies show that the aqueous extract of Moringa Oleifera leaves possesses a hypoglycemic effect through normalizing hepatic pyruvate carboxylase enzyme and regenerating damaged hepatocytes and pancreatic ?-cells through its antioxidant properties. Moringa Oleifera contains flavonoids which improve insulin sensitivity factor in the body. However, these studies are limited in numbers and mostly conducted on animals such as rats, monkeys, etc. in vitro and in vivo studies. M. Oleifera herbs are proven to treat or manage the condition of diabetes. Research indicates that compounds in Moringa, like isothiocyanates, show inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase which involves glucose production in the liver. Overall, this review provides evidence that Moringa Oleifera can be used as a glycemic control agent.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition caused due to insufficient insulin production which leads to chronic damage, dysfunction, and failure of organs like eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels[1],[13]. The term "Diabetes" is described by Ebers Papyrus [c. 1550 BC][19]. Indian Ayurvedic physicians called Vaidyas and Hakims, in the 5th/6th centuries first noticed the sweet taste of diabetic urine and coined it as "MADHUMEHA" which means "Honey Urine" or "Sweet Urine"[19]. There are primarily two types of Diabetes: Type 1, Type 2. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D): an autoimmune condition in which pancreatic ?-cells do not produce or produce an insufficient amount of insulin, a hormone responsible for controlling the blood glucose level in the body[1]. Type 2 Diabetes (T2D): a chronic medical condition in which the body refuses to produce a sufficient amount of insulin at some extent/age, often recognized as insulin resistance disorder[1]. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): this condition occurs during pregnancy, it leads to high sugar levels which may affect both mother and baby. It can be managed by diet, exercise, and monitoring blood sugar levels[13]. Maturity-onset diabetes of young (MODY): a rare form of diabetes caused by a genetic mutation that affects insulin production in the body[13]. Nowadays, rather than insulin many ayurvedic medications and herbs are being used to manage symptoms of diabetes. Traditionally in India, Turmeric, Garlic and Onion, Guava Leaves, Neem, Bitter Apple, etc., are being used as a medication to treat the onset of diabetes. From ancient times, our elders have included drumsticks in everyday cooking and used the leaves for medicinal purposes[3]. Today, science confirms that Moringa Oleifera is a superfood. Moringa Oleifera is a native herb in India that is used to reduce the effects of diabetes[3]. Since ancient times, as described in ‘Sushruta Samita’ and ‘Charak Samita’ which have anti-diabetic properties[3]. Moringa Oleifera, commonly known as the "Drumstick Tree", has been recognized for its nutritional and medicinal properties rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and hypertensive compounds[2]. Chronic inflammation is a significant contributor to insulin resistance. Moringa Oleifera has anti-inflammatory properties which help reduce inflammation in the body and improve insulin sensitivity and secretion[11].
Description Of Plant
Moringa Oleifera is also called the "miracle tree" or "drumstick tree," recognized for its nutritious value and medicinal properties. It is native to India and nearby countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Africa, and Latin America, it is being used for food, medicine, and health supplements[2]. Moringa Oleifera shows anti-hyperglycemic (antidiabetic) activity, it also shows the effect of reducing glycemia without causing any adverse effects[8]. Moringa Oleifera leaves contain compounds that help in decreasing blood sugar levels. Studies show that Moringa Oleifera affects decreasing both fasting blood sugar and post-meal blood sugar levels which is a major factor for causing diabetes[8]. Moringa Oleifera has anti-inflammatory properties which help in reducing inflammation in the body and improving insulin sensitivity and secretion factor[11]. Moringa grows fast, even in poor soil and dry conditions. Various parts of Moringa Oleifera are being used for different purposes. The leaves contain vitamins (like A, C, and E), calcium, iron, and protein[5]. The pods (drumsticks) are rich in vitamin C and taste great in soups or curries. The seeds include healthy oils and antioxidants. It is high in antioxidants which helps to protect our body from damage caused by stress or pollution[7]. Moringa Oleifera supplements (like powders or capsules) can boost nutrition. It is used in traditional medicine to regulate conditions like tiredness, joint pain, or digestion issues[5]. Moringa Oleifera is a powerhouse of nutrients that supports digestion and strengthens the immune system. Its natural compounds make it healthy for lifestyle[2].
Fig 1: Benefits of Moringa Oleifera
Pharmacological Properties
Anti-hyperglycemic activity
Moringa Oleifera shows anti-hyperglycemic (antidiabetic) properties, it regulates increasing blood glucose levels in the body due to multiple mechanisms[21]. Studies show that Moringa Oleifera leaf extracts can significantly lower fasting blood sugar levels and improve glucose tolerance[3]. M. Oleifera has compounds like isothiocyanates which enhance the body's response to insulin, it also helps cells take up glucose more efficiently[21]. Moringa Oleifera slows down the absorption of glucose in the intestines, preventing an increase in blood sugar levels after meals. Moringa inhibits enzymes like ?-glucosidase, which break down carbohydrates into sugar, reducing post-meal blood sugar[7]. It shows inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase which involves glucose production in the liver and improves insulin secretion and sensitivity[7]. Moringa Oleifera contains flavonoids which regulate the insulin sensitivity factor in the body[12].
Anti-inflammatory activity
Chronic inflammation is a major significant factor in insulin resistance. Moringa Oleifera has anti-inflammatory properties which help in reducing inflammation in the body and improving insulin sensitivity towards insulin resistance factor[11]. Moringa Oleifera contains several bioactive compounds that target the pathways responsible for inflammation[11]. Polysaccharides in M. Oleifera help to regulate the immune system by reducing excessive inflammatory responses[11].
Antioxidant activity
Antioxidants are like bodyguards for our cells. Free radicals are harmful molecules that can harm our bodies[10]. Moringa Oleifera possesses antioxidant properties that protect our body from harmful free radicals, that can cause oxidative stress which damages our cells and leads to issues like aging, heart disease, and even cancer[14].
Improves Digestion and Boost immunity
Moringa Oleifera is a powerhouse of nutrients that supports digestion and strengthens the immune system[5]. Its natural compounds make it healthy for lifestyle. M. Oleifera is high in dietary fiber that promotes healthy digestion and prevents constipation[8]. It aids digestion by addressing common issues like bloating, constipation, and acidity[8]. M. Oleifera neutralizes stomach acids which makes it beneficial for those with gastritis and gas problems[2].
Hepatoprotective Activity
The liver is one of the most hardworking organs in our body, it detoxes harmful substances which helps in digestion, and stores essential nutrients[23]. Moringa Oleifera has hepatoprotective (liver-protecting) properties which help keep it healthy and functioning smoothly[23]. It helps in flushing out toxins from the liver, especially those caused by exposure to alcohol, medicines, or junk foods. The antioxidants in Moringa reduce oxidative stress which can damage liver cells[23].
Anti-cancer activity
Moringa Oleifera contain components like niazimicin, studies show it helps in reducing the growth of cancer cells[4]. Research shows that Moringa Oleifera initiates the process of apoptosis in which damaged cell get self-destruct[4]. Moringa Oleifera helps in boosting immunity which helps in fighting cancer cells[4].
Formulation of Moringa Oleifera
Liquid Elixirs tend to be more convenient, faster acting, and easier to administer for many people, especially in cases where adjustable doses and ease of swallowing are important[16]. Elixirs are particularly useful for people who have difficulty swallowing pills, children, or individuals needing a quick onset of action[16]. Nowadays, Moringa Oleifera formulations are available in powder, and tablet form only, we attempt to prepare a liquid dosage form of said herb which would be more Bio-available thereby showing faster action and also easy to administer compared to the existing powdered formulation. Aqueous extraction is a simple, easy, and eco-friendly method used to extract bioactive compounds from plant materials using water as the solvent[16]. In the case of Moringa oleifera leaves, this extraction method aims to preserve water-soluble nutrients like vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, etc., which are known for their health benefits as antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties[18]. It is designed to deliver medicinal compounds in liquid form, making it easier for patients, especially children or those who have difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules, to take the medications[18]. Moringa oleifera leaves liquid extract is an effective and convenient way to have numerous health benefits of Moringa in a concentrated form[3]. This formulation is widely recognized for its versatility, fast absorption, and potential to deliver bioactive compounds directly into the body in a convenient way[22]. Moringa oleifera formulations, which are in powder or capsule form, can be highly beneficial for health-conscious individuals[22].
Table 1: Formulations of Moringa Oleifera in Present days
|
Herbal formulations |
Company/ Source |
Bioactivity |
References |
|
Moringa Oil |
HimPharm |
Rich in bioactive Compounds for skin revitalization |
HimPharm's Guide to Moringa Oleifera Extract. HimPharm Portfolio, 2024 |
|
Moringa Powder |
HimPharm and other supplement brands |
Nutritional supplements and antioxidants properties |
HimPharm's Guide to Moringa Oleifera Extract. HimPharm Portfolio, 2024. |
|
Moringa Tablets |
Neutraceuticals companies |
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities |
W Wade, K. L. Stephenson, Journal: Nutrients (11), 7 (2019). |
|
Moringa Capsules |
Various Pharmaceutical companies |
Enhance energy level and modulate immune system |
Bommakanti, V. Puthenparambil Ajikumar, Journal: Separations 10 (3) (2023) |
|
Moringa Infused-Tea |
Global herbal tea manufacturers |
Anti-inflammatory and stress relief |
Srivastava .S, Srivastava, R. Journal: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2024 |
|
Moringa Cream |
Skincare companies |
Skin hydration and repair |
Jikah, A. N, Edo, G. I. |
|
Moringa Nutritional Bars |
Local food supplements companies |
Nutritional supplements |
Halder .T, Mehta .P, |
|
Moringa Lozenges |
Pharmaceutical producers |
Immunity boosters |
Futuristic Trends in Herbal Medicines and Food Products. Publication: ResearchGate, 2024 |
Safety and Effects
Safety
Moringa Oleifera is widely regarded as safe for consumption when used appropriately. It has nutritional and health benefits, but like any natural supplement, it's essential to understand its safety profile and potential effects to use effectively and responsibly[20]. Moringa Oleifera leaves, and pods (drumsticks), are safe for people when consumed in moderate amounts as part of food or supplements commonly used in traditional diets and remedies in India[20]. Moringa Oleifera leaves and pods are generally safe during pregnancy as they provide nutrients like iron and calcium, however, avoid bark or root extracts as they may stimulate uterine contractions[20].
Potential Effects
Moringa oleifera is known as the drumstick tree or sahjan in India, Various parts of the tree, including leaves, pods, seeds, and even flowers give a wide range of health benefits[2]. Used for centuries in traditional Indian cooking and Ayurveda, Moringa Oleifera is now globally recognized for its medicinal and nutritional value[2]. Moringa leaves are like a superfood. They are rich in Vitamins A, C, and E for better immunity, skin, and eye health, Minerals such as Calcium, iron, and potassium for stronger bones and better energy, and Proteins contain all nine essential amino acids[5]. Regular consumption of Moringa can strengthen your immune system. It has antioxidants like quercetin and vitamin C that help in fighting infections[5]. For people with diabetes, Moringa Oleifera can be very useful, the leaves of Moringa have compounds that naturally lower blood sugar levels, and help you keep diabetes in control[7]. In India, people drink Moringa tea or add its powder to their diets. If you struggle with constipation, bloating, or acidity, Moringa Oleifera has fiber content which promotes good gut health and ensures smoother digestion[14]. Adding drumsticks to sambhar or curry is not just tasty but also great for your stomach. Moringa Oleifera is a beauty booster that is rich in antioxidants and vitamins, it helps reduce wrinkles, clear acne, and promote glowing skin[5]. It also strengthens hair and prevents hair loss due to its high iron and protein content[5]. For those dealing with arthritis, joint pain, or swelling issues Moringa Oleifera acts as an anti-inflammatory agent[11].
CONCLUSION
An Oral liquid herbal formulation using Moringa oleifera leaf extract can be developed, which will be effective and safe, demonstrating its potential as a natural management option for diabetes[18]. The formulation of an oral liquid herbal product using Moringa Oleifera leaf extract will show promising potential for diabetes management[18]. This might be in the form of elixirs, tinctures, or suspensions that are both easy to swallow and pleasant in taste. The extraction process not only yields a high quantity of active components but also preserves the integrity of phytochemicals[16]. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of herbal remedies in modern healthcare. The formulation of Moringa Oleifera into liquid oral involves an approach to extraction methods, formulation strategies, and stability considerations[18]. Current studies highlight the importance of selecting appropriate extraction techniques, stabilizers, and flavorings to produce a stable, bioavailable, and consumer-friendly product[10]. Future research may be focused on optimizing these parameters and exploring the clinical efficacy of Moringa Oleifera liquid oral elixirs in various health contexts[18]. The development of a Moringa Oleifera liquid oral represents an approach to harnessing the numerous health benefits of this plant in a convenient and consumable format through the formulation process, several key aspects have been addressed to ensure the effectiveness, stability, and acceptability of the formulation[16].
REFRENCES
Shivam Dange*, Dewanshu Sathone, Ganesh Derkar, Moringa Oleifera: A Herbal Remedy for the Management of Diabetes, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2025, Vol 3, Issue 2, 1666-1672. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14893684
10.5281/zenodo.14893684
