View Article

  • Formulation And Evaluation Of Magnetic Microspheres Of Cytarabine Using Eudragit L 100 And Chitosan As Polymers
  • 1School Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal Haryana 
    2Department of Pharmacy, Himachal Institute of Pharmacy, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh
     

Abstract

The ability to deliver extremely effective dosages to precise target areas within the human body has become the holy grail of medication delivery research. Drugs with established efficacy in in vitro research usually face a major obstacle in in vivo testing due to a lack of an effective delivery mechanism. Furthermore, many therapeutic conditions necessitate the delivery of entrepreneurs, which may be beneficial at the desired delivery location but are otherwise systemically hazardous. Magnetically responsive microspheres containing Cytarabine were prepared using the CSE technique and chitosan and Eudragit l-100 polymers, and they were assessed with regard to particle duration assessment via SEM, entrapment overall performance, magnetite content material fabric, and in vitro magnetic responsiveness in a 7000 Oe magnetic subject, in vitro drug release tests, in vivo drug targeted investigations, and stability experiments were conducted. Spherical particles with an average diameter of 3-12 m and an incorporation overall performance of 56.37% were achieved. The existence of magnetite in prepared Cytarabine magnetic microspheres is confirmed by X-ray diffractometry results. Using chemical analysis, it was determined that the average proportion of Fe2O3 within the microspheres was between 40.53% and 53.48%. For F-1-F-9, the cumulative percent drug release after 24 hours was 80.60%, 78.22%, 76.41%, 74.35%, 73.25%, 71.23%, 64.21%, 61.56%, and 58.45%, respectively. The results of in vitro magnetic responsiveness and in vivo focused on confirmed that the retention of microspheres in the presence of magnetic subject became significantly greater than those in the absence of magnetic subject become significantly greater than those without the magnetic subject. Stability investigations revealed that the samples maintained at 4 degrees Celsius had the highest drug content material fibre and the closest in vitro release to the initial records. Overall, this research reveals that magnetic microspheres may be kept at their target site in vivo, using magnetic subject software, and are capable of freeing their drug content material fibre for an extended period of time. This could lead to them being directed to a suitable depot for administering chemotherapeutic agent(s) in vivo.

Keywords

Magnetic microspheres, Magnetite, Compatibility, Cytarabine, Eudragit- l 100, Target site, Chemotherapy

Reference

  1. Bhalla. Neetika deep Arsh, Goswami Manish.“An Overview on various approaches to Oral controlled Drug Delivery System Via Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System”, RJP  2012;3 (4):1-6.
  2. Harshad Parmar, Sunil Bakliwal, Nayan Gujarathi, Bhushan Rane, Sunil Pawar.“Different Methods of Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Microsphere”. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology 2010;1(3):1157-1166
  3. Swarnimapandey, Sushantkama,(2011)“An overview on multifunctional nanomedicines for targeted drug delivery”. JPI’s Journal of Pharmaceutics and Cosmetology 2(1):120-128
  4. Kyekyoon “Kevin” Kim and Daniel W. Pack University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, microspheres for drug delivery ,http://www.springer.com/978-0-387-25563-7
  5. Tarun P, Soni S, Thakar B, Pandya V, Bharadia P (2012).“Magnetic Microspheres as a Targeted Drug Delivery System: A Review”. International Journal for Pharmaceutical Research Scholars (IJPRS);1(2):444-456
  6. Prasanthv.v, Akash Chakraborthy Moy, Sam T Mathew, RinkuMathapan(2011). “Microspheres - An Overview”. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; 2 (2):332-338.
  7. Johansen, L., Nustad, K., Berg Ørstavik, T., Ugelstad, J., Berge, A., and Ellingsen, T. (1983).Excess Ab immunoassay for rat glan-965 Mono-sized polymer particles as the prefered solid phase material. J. Immunological Methods; 59: 255-264
  8. Noepel-DuennebackeS,ArnoldD,HertelJ,TannapfelA,HinkeA,Hegewisch-Becker S,Reinacher-Schick A, Impact of the Localization of the Primary Tumor and RAS/BRAF Mutational Status on Maintenance Strategies After First-line Oxaliplatin, Fluoropyrimidine, and Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results From the AIO 0207 Trial. Clinical colorectal cancer. 2018 Dec
  9. GeoergerB,ChisholmJ,LeDeleyMC,GentetJC,ZwaanCM,DiasN,JaspanT,Mc Hugh K,CouanetD,HainS,DevosA,RiccardiR,CesareC,BoosJ,FrappazD,LeblondP,AertsI,Vassal G, Phase II study of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin in relapsed or refractory paediatric solid malignancies: An innovative therapy for children with Cancer European Consortium Study. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2011 Jan;
  10. Paswtto LM, D’Andrea MR, Rossi,E, Monfardini; Oxaliplatin-related neurotoxicity; How and Why? Crit Rev OncolHematol. 2006 Aug; 59(2):159-68. Epub 2006 jun 27
  11. Graham J, Mushin M, Kirkpatrick P; Oxaliplatin. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 2004 Jan;3(1):11-2
  12. Cripe LD, Hinton S (2000). “Acute myeloid leukemia in adults”. Curr Treat Options Oncol.; 1: 9-17.
  13. Schiffer CA (2001) “Acute myeloid leukemia in adults: where do we go from here?”CancerChemotherPharmacol; 48(Suppl 1): S45-S52.
  14. Tallman MS, Gilliland DG, Rowe JM (2005). “Drug therapy of acute myeloid leukemia” Blood; 106: 1154-1163.
  15. Cros E, Jordheim L, Dumontet C, Galmarini CM (2004) “Problems related to resistance to cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia”. LeukLymphoma; 45: 1123-1132.
  16. Shaw Ranjana and Chakraborty Tamalkika, ‘Magnetic Microsphere as novel drug delivery system’ IJAR, ISSN NO. 2320-5407, APRIL 2020
  17. Kakar satinder and singh et al, Magnetic Microsphere as magical novel drug delivery system, JAD, March 2013
  18. Zhao H, Piwnica-Worms H. (2001) “ATR-mediated checkpoint pathways regulate phosphorylation and activation of human Chk1”. Mol Cell Biol; 21: 4129-4139.
  19. MorozP, jonesSK, Gray BN (2002) “Tumor response to arterials embolization hyperthermia and direct injection hyperthermia in a rabbit liver tumor model”. J.surgoncol ;80:149-156
  20. Muniyandy Saravanan, Kesavan Bhaskara, Gomathinayagam Maharajan, Kalathil Sadasivan Pillai. (2004) “Ultrasonically controlled release and targeted delivery of diclofenac sodium via gelatin magnetic microspheres”, International Journal of Pharmaceutics ;283:71–82
  21. Forbes Z. Magnetizable Implants for Targeted Drug Delivery. [online]. 2005 [Cited2005 May 17];
  22. Chopra KS, Singla D. Drug targeting by magnetically responsive microspheres. The Eastern Pharmacist 1994 Aug;XXXVII(440):79-82.
  23. Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI). The World's First Successful In vivo Attempt to Produce Active Targeting DDS Nanoparticles for Missile Drugs- The development of treatment drugs for targeting the sites of various diseases with inflammatory symptoms is accelerating at a rapid pace. [online]. 2003 [Cited 2003Nov13]
  24. Vyas SP, Khar RK. Targeted & Controlled drug delivery. New Delhi: CBS Publishers;2002.4,38-80,458-80.
  25. Udupa N. Niosomes as drug carriers. In: Jain NK, editor. Controlled and Novel drug delivery. New Delhi: CBS Publishers;2002. 300-1.
  26. Khar RK, Diwan M. Targeted delivery of drugs. In Jain NK, editor. Advances in controlled and Novel drug delivery. 1sted. New Delhi: CBS Published and Distributors;2001;452-62.
  27. Jain NK. Controlled and Novel drug delivery. 1st ed. New Delhi : CBS Published andDistributors;2002.14.
  28. Alexiou C, Arnold W, Hulin P, Klein RJ, Renz H, Parak FG, et. al. Magnetic mitoxantrone nanoparticle detection by histology, X-ray and MRI after magnetic tumor targeting. J Mage Magn Mater.2001;225(1-2):187-93.
  29. Torchilin VP. Drug targeting. Eur JPharm Sci.2000;11(Suppl2) S81–S91.
  30. Babincova M, Altanerova V ,Lampert M,Altaner C,Machova E,Sramka M, et.al.Site-specific In Vivo Targeting of Magneto liposomes Using Externally Applied Magnetic Field. Z Naturforsch (C.), 55 (2000), pp.278–281. [online]. 2004 [Cited 2004 May17]
  31. Bogdansky S. Natural polymer as drug delivery systems In: Chasin M., Langer R.editor. Biodegradable polymers as drug delivery systems. New York: Marcel DekkerInc;1990p.231-59.(Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences; Vol 45).
  32. Ranney DF. Magnetically controlled devices and bio modulation. In: TyleP,editor.Drug delivery devices fundamentals and application. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc;1998.p.325-63.(Drugsand the pharmaceuticalsciences;Vol32).
  33. Häfeli UO, Magnetically modulated therapeutic systems. Int J Pharm. 2004; 277:19–24.
  34. Denkbas EB ,Kilicay E, Birlikseven C, Ozturk E. Magnetic chitosan microspheres: preparation and Characterization. Reactive & Functional Polymers.2002;50:225–32.
  35. Ritter JA, Ebner AD, Daniel KD, Krystle L. Stewart Application of high gradientmagnetic separation principles to magnetic drug targeting. J Magnetism and MagneticMaterials.2004; 280(2-3):184-201.
  36. Satinder kakar et al. Preparation of magnetic microsphere of mesalamine by phase separation emulsion polymerization technique. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014;8 (9): 246-258.
  37. Yadav N et al. Synthesis and characterization of sustained release atenolol microspheres by solvent evaporation technique. J Pharm Sci Tech 2011; 3: 559-562.
  38. Schutt W et al. Applications of magnetic targeting in diagnosis and therapy possibilities and limitations: A Mini-Review. Hybridoma 1997; 16: 109-117.
  39. Xianqiao Liu et al. Immobilization of lipase onto micron-size magnetic beads. J ChromatogrSci 2005; 822: 91–97.
  40. Kenneth J. Widder et al. Tumor remission in Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rats by selective targeting of magnetic albumin microspheres containing doxorubicin. Proc Natl AcadSci 1981; 78(1): 579-581.
  41. Shah S et al. Formulation and evaluation of microsphere based dispersible tablets of oroitopride HCl. J Pharma Sci 2012; 20: 24.
  42. Satinder kakar et al. Preparation of magnetic microsphere of mesalamine by phase separation emulsion polymerization technique. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014;8 (9): 246-258.

Photo
Rajeshwar Verma
Corresponding author

School Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Palwal, Haryana

Photo
Ramadeep Singh
Co-author

Department of Pharmacy, Himachal Institute of Pharmacy, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh

Rajeshwar Verma, Ramandeep Singh, Formulation And Evaluation Of Magnetic Microspheres Of Cytarabine Using Eudragit L-100 And Chitosan As Polymers, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2024, Vol 2, Issue 1, 180-206. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10443939

More related articles
A Review On Microneedles: Scope, Strategies, Chall...
Sruthi Reddy Chittela, Induru Jagadeesh, ...
A Review on Nanorobotics...
Vivek MC, Madhumitha R., Meenaloshini B., Santhanavel M., Dinesh ...
Oncopathology And Cancer Immunotherapy...
Mayuri N Jagtap, Vishesh Nitin Raundal, Avinash B. Darekar, ...
A Review On: Herbal Hair Serum...
Mr.Prashant Sopan Dhonde , Mr. Vishal Shivaji Gaikwad, ...
Detection of Corona Virus: A Review on Applications of RT PCR in Detection of C...
Sahil Agrawal, B. Potdar, J. Shaikh, K. Pimpale, L. Kochage, N. Chougule, ...
Formulation and In vitro Evaluation of Controlled Release Matrix Tablets of Anti...
Sunil Firangi, Ananth Rao Kulkarni, R. B. Sangoligi, Dr. S. N. Hiremath, Dr Syed Sanaullah, ...
Related Articles
Studies on the evaluation of flavonoids (Morin, Naringin, Quercetin & Rutin) in ...
: Dr. Raja Kumar Parabathina, Sunil Kothargasti, Vishal Lolge, Nidhi Dubey, Sanika Girgaonkar, ...
Sumatriptan Succinate Loaded Oral Films For Potential Treatment Of Migraine: In ...
Sandhra S., Roopesh P. T., M. Roshni, Megha V. S., Sindhu V., Anagha Mohan, Haritha K., ...
Formulation and In vitro Evaluation of Controlled Release Matrix Tablets of Anti...
Sunil Firangi, Ananth Rao Kulkarni, R. B. Sangoligi, Dr. S. N. Hiremath, Dr Syed Sanaullah, ...
1,4 Benzoxazine Derivatives: Synthesis, In-Silico Studies And Antimicrobial Eval...
Milind Shinde, Rajendra D. Wagh, Chandrakant P. Suryawanshi, ...
More related articles
A Review on Nanorobotics...
Vivek MC, Madhumitha R., Meenaloshini B., Santhanavel M., Dinesh P., Riyaz Ahamed B., Aravinth T., N...
Oncopathology And Cancer Immunotherapy...
Mayuri N Jagtap, Vishesh Nitin Raundal, Avinash B. Darekar, ...
A Review on Nanorobotics...
Vivek MC, Madhumitha R., Meenaloshini B., Santhanavel M., Dinesh P., Riyaz Ahamed B., Aravinth T., N...
Oncopathology And Cancer Immunotherapy...
Mayuri N Jagtap, Vishesh Nitin Raundal, Avinash B. Darekar, ...