1 Assistant Professor. Ashokrao Mane Institute of Pharmacy, Ambap, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra India, 416112
2 Principal. Ashokrao Mane Institute of Pharmacy, Ambap, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra India, 416112
3Student of B. Pharm, Ashokrao Mane Institute of Pharmacy, Ambap, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra India, 416112
Suntan lotion is a preparation that protects you from UV rays. ultraviolet (UV) rays are what causes sunburn, but ultraviolet (UV) A rays may be more harmful to the skin. Sunblock Should ideally obstruct both wavelengths. This study's objective was to create a topical suntan lotion recipe using a set of fixed oils along with a few therapeutic drugs. Suntan lotion could be chemicals, either organic or inorganic. The item either reflects or absorbs solar energy. UV radiation and offers skin protection. The growing frequency of skin cancers and the consequences of photodamage due to UV radiation. Suntan lotion ingredients should be non-toxic, non-irritating, chemically inert, photostable, and capable of providing total defense of the skin against solar damage radiation. Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the plants that rich in antioxidant compound. Antioxidant is a compound that can inhibit the skin aging process because of photoaging. The green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek), also known as Mudga in Sanskrit, is regarded by Ayurvedic science as the best pulse and one of the healthiest foods that may be regularly consumed to maintain health. Diabetes is a chronic lifestyle condition that may be controlled with diet, exercise, and contemporary medications like insulin and oral hypoglycemic medicines. In Ayurvedic medicine, green grams are advised as both a dietetic food and a medication for diabetes. The phytochemistry of Vigna radiata, or mung beans, demonstrates its antidiabetic qualities, and a number of research using green gramme extracts have validated the capacity of mung bean to control insulin resistance and reduce blood glucose levels.
Sunlight is a source of energy for human needs. In addition, the sun also contains ultraviolet (UV) rays that cannot be seen and felt directly by humans. UV rays have good benefits for health, one of which is the formation of cholecalciferol Vitamin D3 [1]. However, if exposed to excess can harm skin health, which will experience changes in structure and composition that cause oxidative stress to the skin. The negative impact that is felt in the short term is in the form of changes in pigmentation, erythema and photosensitivity, while in the long term, it can cause skin cancer and premature ageing [2]. Therefore, several ways are needed to protect the skin from the dangers of UV rays, including wearing protective clothing, consuming antioxidants (both inside and outside the body) and wearing sunscreen [3]. Thus, researchers are interested in making suntan a solution to protect the skin from the dangers of UV rays. Most suntan products still use synthetic compounds such as titanium dioxide. Synthetic compounds, when used continuously, can damage one's health. So that the cosmetic industry is currently intensively seeking and developing products that are oriented towards natural ingredients because they are classified as safe to use so that many people respond positively. One of the natural ingredients used to make suntan lotion products is which mung bean a very high antioxidant content. Cosmetics are described as ‘‘articles supposed to be rubbed, Poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, delivered into, or otherwise Carried out to the human frame or any component thereof for cleansing, beautifying, selling attractiveness, or changing the appearance” [4] Among the generally used cosmetics are suntan lotion. These are formulations which might be carried out onto the pores and skin floor to Defend it from the dangerous results of ultraviolet (UV) mild. Repeated publicity of the pores and skin has been related to an excessive risk of growing pores and skin cancers. According to most cancers studies USA, eight out Of 10 instances of cancer might be avoided thru an under status of the dangerous results of daylight and a way to defend oneself from the dangerous rays.[5] Sunrays encompass an array of wavelengths stages that fluctuate in Frequency and their electricity profiles. The suns electromagnetic Spectrum includes cosmic rays, gamma rays, X-rays, UV rays, Microwaves, and radio waves in lowering order of electricity. Among Those cosmic, gamma and X rays are correctly filtered out of the Earth via way of means of the surroundings and consequently gift no capability for Inflicting harm. It is, however, noteworthy that they may be the Deadliest and publicity could result in failures of epic proportions. The UV rays can penetrate the earth’ surroundings as can the rest of the decrease electricity spectrums. Microwaves and radio waves are Now no longer of clinical significance as pertains to inflicting pores and skin harm. The Recognition of this newsletter is as a consequence the UV spectrum of mild [6]. mung bean is one of the plants that rich in antioxidant compound. Flavonoid compounds contained in mung bean, vitexin and is vitexin, have an antioxidant effect. Vitexin inhibits DPPH radicals of approximately 60% at 100 gm/ml and effectively inhibits UV rays that can stimulate skin cell death [7]. Skin aging can be caused by UV radiation (photoaging) which trigger in the formation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) free radical on the skin. Free radicals cause oxidative damage to the tissue known as oxidative stress [8,9]. The mung bean (Vigna radiata) is also having the antiaging property. Skin aging is basically caused due the photoaging radiation.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
AIM
UV radiation is essential for human health because it aids absorption in the intestine for the production of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D3. On the other hand, this radiation also damages our health, acting directly on DNA, RNA proteins, lipids and thus causing possible carcinogenic effects. The most effective way to protect the skin harmful UV radiation is the local application of any active molecule with UV radiation absorptive or reflective properties. Therefore, the importance of suntan product has increased current scenario. [10] Using suntan lotion is one of the best – and easiest – ways to protect your skin and appearance and health at any age. With regular use, suntan lotion helps prevent sunburn, skin cancer and premature aging.
OBJECTIVES
DRUG PROFILE
Synonym:
Mung bean, green gram.
Biological Source:
Dried seeds which is obtained from the legume plant. Belonging to the family Fabaceae.
The mung bean is likely native to the Indian subcontinent and is widely cultivated in Asian for use in a variety of sweet and savory dishes, particularly in India, China, Korea, Thailand. They contain flavonoids and polyphenols that gives antioxidant properties. Vigna Radiata seed extract is a rare cosmetic ingredient.
Properties:
Pharmacological activities of Vigna Radiata
Mung bean is well known as green gram or moong bean. Mung bean has been consumed as a common traditional food worldwide for more than 3500 years. [26]
Anti-oxidant Activity:
Antidiabetic Activity:
The consumption of mung bean has been reported as a potential antidiabetic agent. An experimental animal study showed that the effect of fermented and non-fermented mung bean extracts on normoglycemic, glucose-induced hyperglycemic and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic effects, caused no significant hypoglycemic effect and significantly lowered the blood sugar level in glucose and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice [32]
Antihypertensive Activity:
Antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive effect Metabolic syndrome is the name of a group of disorders that is connected with the risk of high levels of blood glucose, TG, LDL, low levels of HDL, which leads to high possibilities of threats to diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and CVD [33-34]. The regular intake of beans in the food is known to be beneficial for healthy and hypercholesterolemic which subjects by decreasing in the serum TC, TG, and LDL and increase HDL [35].
Antimicrobial Activity:
Antimicrobial activity the utility of bioactive compounds from food legumes as natural antimicrobial agents are commonly known as biocides. Mung bean sprouts have potent antiviral and prophylactic activities against respiratory syncytial virus and Herpes Simplex virus ?1, and these activities were comparable with Acyclovir. The underlying mechanism was attributed to active components of mung bean sprouts potentially induce antiviral cytokines in human cells and thereby nullify the actions on viral proliferation [36]
Anti-inflammatory Activity:
Anti-inflammatory effects Mung beans have been consumed in several cuisines and in traditional medicine to treat heat stroke connected with thirst, irritation, and high body temperature, detoxification, and these health promoting effects of mung bean seeds and sprouts are believed to be associated with the inflammatory response in Asian countries [37]. Experimental studies associated with modulation of inflammatory effects by mung bean have been well established. In one of the studies, high-fat diet induced obesity mice with the extract of mung bean seeds significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages and inflammation-related parameters (TNF-, IL-1 , IL-6, nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, and NF-B), and alleviated the symptoms of obesity, colitis, and colon inflammation [38]
Anticancer Activity:
Epidemiological studies have also suggested that the intake of beans reduces the prevalence of cancers including colon, breast, prostate, and adenocarcinoma [39–41]. The data obtained from 41 countries and documented that the higher consumption of beans reduced the mortality rate by breast, colon, and prostate cancer [39]. The consumption of beans more than twice a week was linked with markedly decreased (47%) the risk of colon cancer [40] and prostate cancer [41]. It was found that regular intake of beans in rats decreased azomethane induced tumor morphology by almost 50% [42]. The feeding of cooked bean powder in rats markedly reduced (67%) incidence of breast cancer [43]. Similarly, the diets fed with beans reduce the total tumor incidence and adenocarcinoma incidence by 54% and 75%, respectively [44]. Mung beans contain resistant starch, dietary fibers, phenolic compounds, and micro constituents such as phytic acid, vitexin, isovitexin, protease inhibitors and saponins, which are highly associated with antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties [44,45]
MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENTS
Table No 1: List of Chemicals
Table No 2: List of Instruments
EXTRACTION OF VIGNA RADIATA:
Maceration was one of the extraction methods used for the extraction of Vigna Radiata.[11] Mung bean was extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96%. 200 g of dried mung bean powder was weighed and extracted in 100 ml of 96% ethanol for 24 hours then filtered until filtrate is obtained. The treatment was carried out for 2 days. The filtrate was collected and evaporated using a rotary evaporator at temperature of 40-50
°C until the ethanol extract was ±50 ml. [12] Extraction of mung bean powder was done by maceration method using ethanol 96%. The method is chosen to avoid damage of active substances due to heating. Ethanol 96% was used to extract polar substance like flavonoid. Active substances taken from mung bean powder are flavonoids which has an antioxidant effect [13]
METHOD OF FORMULATION SUNTAN LOTION:
Prepare tools and materials, weighed all the materials needed. Separate the ingredients into two groups, namely the oil phase and the water phase. The oil phase consists of stearic acid, liquid paraffin (mass I). The aqueous phase consisted of glycerin, TEA and methyl paraben (dissolved in hot water at 70ºC) (mass II). Put mass I into a hot mortar, then add mass II little by little, grind until a lotion mass is formed. After taking the form of a lotion mass, the extract of Vigna Radiata (Mung Bean) was added little by little, adding perfume while grinding, until homogeneous8. Concentration was varied into 3 comparisons (5), (3), and (7) part of Vigna Radiata [14].
EVALUATION OF LOTION:
Physical parameters:
Color:
The color of formulation was checked manually and observed.
Odour:
The Smell of Formulation was checked by applying preparation on hand and feel the fragrance.
Appearance:
Visually checked the appearance of the formulation.
Determination of pH:
The pH of sunscreens was determined using a digital pH meter. pH was measured after 1 g of the formulation was dissolved in 100 ml of newly prepared distilled water for 2 hours. The purpose of this study was to guarantee that the pH of the produced herbal sunscreens is similar to the pH of the skin after 24 hours of use. The results were triple-checked, and S.D. was recorded.
Determination of Viscosity:
The Brookfield viscometer was used to test viscosity, with the proper number of spindles Selected. A 50 ml beaker was used to hold 50 g of preparation until the spindle groove was Dipped and the rpm was set. Sunscreen viscosity was measured at 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 Rpm. The viscosity was computed using the factor obtained from the reading. [15]
Spreadability:
The spread ability of sunscreens determined their therapeutic efficiency. The appropriate amount of sunscreen was applied between two slides, and under specified Load directions, and the two sides took the time in seconds to slide off. Spreadability was Defined as the amount of time it took to separate two slides in less time. The formula for calculating it is:
???? = ???? × ???? /t
Where, M = weight tied to the upper slide L = length of glass slide T = time taken to separate the slides. [16]
Washability:
This test is carried out by simply washing applied sunscreen with Water. [17]
Homogeneity:
The formulation was tested for homogeneity by visual appearance and touch. [18]
Irritancy Test:
Mark an area (one sq. cm) on the left-hand dorsal surface. The lotion was applied to the specified area and time was noted. Irritancy, erythema, edema was checked if any for regular interval up to 24 hrs. and reported. [19]
Stability Testing:
Stability testing of prepared formulation was conducted at room temp, studied for 7 days. And then the formulation was studied at 45 ±1°C for 20 days. The formulation was kept both at room and elevated temperature and observed on 5th 10th, 15th and 20th day for all the evaluation parameters.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
Table No. 4 Physical Parameter
Determination of pH:
Table No. 5 Determination of pH
Irritancy test:
In the irritancy test no Redness, Itchy, Rash, Swollen condition seen.
DISCUSSION:
Organoleptic test Organoleptic formulations are very important as an aesthetic value to attract the attention and interest of consumers [20]. The resulting lotion meets the requirements of the color derived from the mung bean. Homogeneity tests the homogeneity of the formulations of extracts of vigna radiata showed that all substances were well distributed in semi-solid dosage forms, with uniform color, no lumps were obtained on the glass object, and there was no separation between the aqueous phase, oil phase and extract used. All body lotion formulations produce homogeneous preparations. Homogeneous body lotion will be evenly distributed, so that when applied to the body provides the properties of the substances contained in the formulation so that it is easily absorbed into the skin and provides a moisturizing effect on the skin more quickly [21]. pH test Formulation with a pH that matches the skin's pH does not irritate the skin when used. If the pH of the body lotion is low, it can irritate the skin, otherwise if the pH of the preparation is too high, it will cause the skin to become dry. The results of the pH test on all lotion formulations showed that they met the standard not less than 4.5 and not more than 6.5 [22,23]. Viscosity The viscosity for body lotion required by the Indonesian National Standard 16-4399-1996 is 2,000 cp (centipoise) - 50,000 cp (centipoise). It can be seen that the lotion preparations of vigna radiata meet the requirements for viscosity value, a good viscosity greatly affects the effectiveness of a preparation because a lotion that is too runny will give a long enough time to absorb into the skin so that the lotion preparation will take longer to provide a moisturizing effect. on the skin and does not fall into good viscosity if the lotion is too runny [24,25].
CONCLUSION:
Due to increased awareness of the need for protection from harmful UVA and UVB rays, there is a significant market potential for sunscreen chemicals, whether they are synthetic, natural, or a combination of both. A minimum ideal requirement for a sunscreen product would be photo stabilized, uniform, UVA/UVB protection with a high SPF. However, natural chemicals such as polyphenols (flavonoids, tannins), carotenoids, anthocynidins, certain vitamins, fixed oils, and volatile from vegetables, fruits, medicinal plant parts (leaves, flowers, fruits, berries), algae, and lichens are more effective because of their long-term beneficial effects, particularly against free radical generated skin damaging in addition to blocking UV rays. These sunscreens with natural chemicals added could offer reasonably priced, genuinely broad-spectrum protection with anti-oxidant, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and numerous other skin-benefiting properties. benefits of protection.
REFERENCES
Ashwini Pandav , Nilesh Chougule , Suchay Bangar , Formulation And Evaluation Of Suntan Lotion From Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata) Extract, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2024, Vol 2, Issue 8, 3405-3414. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13337517
10.5281/zenodo.13337517
