Adhatoda vasica, commonly known as Adulsa, holds a prominent place in Indian traditional medicine, notably Ayurveda, for over two millennia. As a member of the Acanthaceae family, this evergreen shrub boasts potent therapeutic properties primarily attributed to its bronchodilator alkaloids, particularly vasicine. Adulsa, renowned in indigenous medicine, offers a plethora of health benefits, particularly in treating bronchitis. All parts of the plant, notably the leaves, are utilized for their insecticidal and parasitical properties it’s extensively used to alleviate symptoms of cold, cough, whooping cough, chronic bronchitis. The root is esteemed for its efficacy in addressing various ailments such as strangury, leucorrhoea, bronchitis, asthma, and fever. Its versatility extends to serving as an antiseptic, antiperiodic, and anathematic agent.  Plant-based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source for medicines with enormous therapeutic potential. They are effective in the treatment of infectious diseases while simultaneously mitigating many of the side effects of synthetic antimicrobials. They may act as lead compounds for the pharmaceutical industry or as the base for the development of new antimicrobials.  Extensive literature review underscores the significant antimicrobial potential within the Acanthaceae family. Numerous studies have investigated the antimicrobial activity of Adhatoda vasica Nees, both independently and in combination with extracts from various plants. The crude leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica exhibited substantial inhibition against bean mosaic virus, while chloroform and ethanol extracts demonstrated notable antifungal properties against systemic fungal pathogens. Furthermore, aqueous and organic solvent extracts of Adhatoda vasica, along with extracts from Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Embelica officinalis, Euphorbia pilulifera, Ocimum sanctum, Solanum trilobatum, and Withania somnifera, exhibited bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. These findings highlight the diverse antimicrobial potentials within the Acanthaceae family, suggesting promising avenues for further exploration in antimicrobial research. The effectiveness of a particular antimicrobial agent results in the production of growth inhibition zones that appear as clear areas surrounding the disc from which the agent diffused.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

COLLECTION OF SAMPLE  :

Adhatoda vasica Plant (Green leaves, Yellow Leavers and Stem) were collected from local region of Bramhapuri city.

PREPARATION OF EXTRACT :

Crush the parts of Adhulsa by using Mortar and pestal and filter the extract with the help of whatman filter paper.

       
           
       
    Fig. 1: Different parts of Adhulsa plant

       
           
       
    Fig. 2 : Crushed Green,Yellow and Stem Extract

       
           
       
    Fig. 3: Filtration of Extract

Sputum  (T.B & Cough), Ear pus sample was collected from Government hospital Bramhapuri and pure culture of E.coli was collected from the Microbiology laboratory of Nevjabai Hitkarini College Brahmapuri.   Prepared 200 ml Nutrient broth into conical flask transfer 50 ml each Nutrient broth into 4 four conical flask and autoclave it. Inoculated the all given culture sample into respective sterilized conical flask, Incubate for 37°C for 24 hrs.

       
           
       
    Fig. 4:Sputum Sample

       
           
       
    Fig. 5: Culture Sample

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY :

Prepared the MHA (Mueller Hinton Agar) media of proper amount autoclave it and after autoclaving pour the media into petri plates. Allow to solidified spread 1ml culture sample from Nutrient broth tubes in each respective plates, Prepared well in the middle of media with the help of borer pour extract of Green leaves, Yellow leaves and stem in each selective colony plate with the help of sterilized Pipettes. Incubate the plate for 24hrs at 37°C.

       
           
       
    Fig. 6: Well Created using borer

RESULT AND DISCUSSION :

The antimicrobial activity of Adhatoda vasica against E. Coli, Ear pus, T.B and cough by well method. The plant extract vasica except T.B showed higher activity for different cultures sample. Zone of inhibition where seen in almost all petri plates which shows the effectiveness of Adhatoda vasica. Among all extracts only yellow leaves shows higher antimicrobial activity against Ear pus with maximum zone of inhibition 3.4 cm. Green leaves extract shows intermediate antimicrobial activity against the E.coli and Cough with zone of inhibition 2.2 cm. The stem extract shows slightly effective in microbial activity against all given culture sample. All extracts shows poorest Antimicrobial activity against Tuberculosis and does not gives zone of inhibition. As shown in Table no. 1