Sun screen potential of Canna indica seeds

Canna indica profoundly known as numerous names such as Indian shot, Indian canna, African arrowroot, purple arrowroot, dev ked etc. the plant thrives well in various tropical and sub-tropical atmosphere encompasses to family Cannaceae. The plant has been bestowed with multitudinous chemical constituents like cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, tannins and pigments. Canna indica demonstrates multifarious activity included as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, anti-diarrheal, anthelmintic, antibacterial, molluscicidal, cytotoxic, analgesic. hemostatic and immunomodulatory etc. The seeds of the plant are small, ovoid, globular, hard and dense enough to sink in water.  Presence of vital constituent could offer protection against skin disorders, oxidative stress and insidious UV radiation. Due to presence of viable component, sunscreen activity has been chosen for the study. Sun screens are compound which predominately protect the skin from deleterious UV radiations and oxidative stress. ^[1-5]                      

               Minimal erythemal dose in sunscreen protected skin

SPF=              Minimal erythemal dose in non-sunscreen protected skin

 MED minimal erythemal dose is the minimum time interval or dosage of ultraviolet irradiation prompted perceivable erythema on protected or unprotected skin. ^[6,7] Higher SPF value would be indicator of higher protection against UV radiation. SPF is determined by spectrophotometer. The sample absorbance was recorded at 5 nm interval in the range of 290-320 nm. The SPF value was calculated by using the formula. ^{[8 ]}                                                    

320

SPF _{Spectrophotometer} =   CF × ∑ EE(λ)×I(λ)×Abs(λ)

                    290

where is CF denoting Correction factor (10), EE (λ) indicates Erythmogenic effect of radiation at wavelength (λ) Abs (λ) adjoin to spectrophotometric absorbance values at specific wavelength (λ). The value of EE(λ)×I(λ) is constant and shown in Table 1. ^[8,9]

MATERIAL AND METHODS-

Analytical grade chemical and glassware of ASGI mark has been used to perform the study. The analysis of sample was done in UV-VIS Spectrophotometer model UV-1700 Pharmaspec Shimadzu.

Collection and Processing of Plant material

the seeds of Canna indica have been collected in the month of September from the medicinal herbal garden, Madhav university campus, abu road, Pindwara India. The seeds were primarily washed with tap water then shade dried till complete drying. The dried seeds were used to made coarse powder. The powder is then shifted to get powder of uniform size, the powdered seeds was subjected to extraction with appropriate solvents.

Extraction of Plant Material

The hydro alcoholic extract has been prepared by immersing the coarse powder in the solvent for week with intermittent stirring. 200g of powdered seed was accurately weighed, each 50g was extracted with increasing strength of 60%,70%,80% and 90% of alcohol, the extract is then filtered thrice through whatman filter, the filtrate was collected, evaporated and dried. The residual dregs of solvent were removed in desiccator. The yield of discrete extract was calculated.

Sample Preparation

10 mg of seed extract mixed with 100 mL of hydroalcoholic solution to get 100μg/mL dilution. The mixture is then screened through whatman filter paper, three dilutions of each extract 40μg/mL,50μg/mL and 60μg/mL were made with stock solution, individual sample has been scanned thrice for selected wavelength at 5nm intervals to UV spectrophotometer. The base line correction was made with individual similar solvent used for extraction. The absorption of selected concentration of Canna indica seed extract was recorded. ^[7-9]

In vitro SPF Determination

The UV absorption efficiency of Canna indica seed extracts were determined spectroscopically. The 40μg/mL, 50μg/mL and 60μg/mL dilutions of discrete extract were made from stock solution, the prepared dilutions were scanned in the range of 290 nm to 320 nm at 5 nm interval in triplicate. The mean of absorbance was taken was taken for each distinct concentration, the absorbance values has been multiplied with the constant shown. the summation of those multiplied with correction factor constant 10. ^[9-11]

Table 1: Product Function Used in Calculation of SPF

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The percentage yield of plant extract with different solvents was found as Canna indica seed extracts 5.5%,5.9%,6.2%,6.9% The result corroborated that 90% hydroalcoholic solvent had higher extractable efficiency in terms of maximum extractable matter compared in the series of solvent used in the study. The spectroscopic SPF screening method could be useful in development of sunscreen formulations additionally it would serve as alternative for preliminary evaluation to vivo experimentation of sunscreens. In this study seed extracts were evaluated by UV spectrophotometry. The SPF was calculated by Mansur equation. The observation and result revealed that hydro alcoholic extracts of Canna indica seed extracts had good potential of sun screen and could be used as sunscreen ingredients in cosmetics development. 90% hydroalcoholic extract had shown greater SPF value in the line, although extract of 60% hydroalcoholic solution displayed lowest SPF value.

Table no.2- In vitro SPF value at concentration 40μg/mL

Value=Mean± SD, CI – Canna indica

Table no.3- In vitro SPF value at concentration 50μg/mL

Value=Mean± SD, CI – Canna indica

Table no.4- In vitro SPF value at concentration 60μg/mL

Value=Mean± SD, CI – Canna indica

Table no.5- Spectrophotometric values of SPF at different concentration

CI – Canna indica

Figure1-Graphical Presentation of SPF value

Figure 2 – Line diagram for SPF value