View Article

  • Natural Polymers as Excipient in Formulation of Novel Drug Delivery System
  • Photo Yukti Mahajan* Photo Dev Raj Sharma Photo Pravin Kumar Photo Mahender Singh Ashawat

  • 1Student, M. Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Distt- Kangra (H.P), India
    2Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Distt- Kangra (H.P), India
    3Professor and HOD, Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Distt- Kangra (H.P), India
    4Principal, Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Distt- Kangra (H.P), India

Abstract

The therapeutic formulation has two main components which are active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients to support into the production process in addition to enhancing medication distribution. In manufacturing dosage forms, to improve physicochemical parameters and to improve the stability of the dosage form excipients have proven to be very helpful. Excipients are currently utilized in novel drug delivery technology to fulfil customized functions, and in some cases, they directly or indirectly influence the extent and rate of drug release and effectiveness. Advances in polymer science have led to the development of novel drug delivery systems, which include microspheres, nanoparticles, tablets, gels, transdermal patches, dermal patches, implants, niosomes, and liposomes. The herbal or natural excipients have great merit over their synthetic polymers as these are non-hazardous, easily accessible, chemically inert, biodegradable, less expensive, eco-friendly, biocompatible, and economical. Gums and mucilage are widely used natural materials for conventional and novel dosage forms. Thus, the present study aims to highlight the numerous applications of natural plant mucilage and gum as gelling, thickening, suspending, binder, diluent, lubricant, and disintegrant in different types of formulations, as well as in the sectors of food and cosmetics. We outline the advancements throughout this review in polymeric science, natural extracted plant mucilage and gums have been assessed for medicinal purposes, which have diversified scopes in the design during formulations.

Keywords

Natural, polymer, novel, gum, mucilage, excipient

Reference

  1. Kulkarni Vishakha S, Butte Kishor D, Rathod Sudha S. “Natural Polymers–A Comprehensive Review”. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences., 2012; 3(4): 1597-1613.
  2. Satturwar, P. M., Fulzele, S. V., & Dorle, A. K. (2003). Biodegradation and in vivo biocompatibility of rosin: a natural film-forming polymer. AAPS PharmSciTech, 4(4), E55. https://doi.org/10.1208/pt040455.
  3. Arpita singh, Nidhi Gupta, & Amresh Gupta. (2021). A REVIEW ON HERBAL EXCIPIENTS. International Journal of Indigenous Herbs and Drugs, 05-08. https://doi.org/10.46956/ijihd.vi.111.
  4. Sinha, V. R., & Kumria, R. (2001). Polysaccharides in colon-specific drug delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics, 224(1-2), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00720-7.
  5. Om Prakash Pal*, Rishabha Malviya, Vipin Bansal, Pramod Kumar Sharma. "ROSIN AN IMPORTANT POLYMER FOR DRUG DELIVERY: A SHORT REVIEW." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research., 2010; 3(1): 35-37.
  6. J. S. Qadry. Shah and Qadry’s Pharmacognosy. Ahmedabad, India: B S Shah Prakashan; 2008.
  7. W. C. Evans. Trease and Evans – Pharmacognosy. New York: WB Saunders; 2004.
  8. Market survey of gum and resin in India by RCDC (regional center for development co-operation center for forestry and governance. 2006:1-49.
  9. J. J. Kolen, J. W. McGinity, W. R. Wilber. Carbomer– 934P. In: Raymond CR, Paul JS, Paul JW, ed. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. The Pharmaceutical Press and The American Pharmaceutical Association; 2003: 89-92.
  10. Amiri MS, Mohammadzadeh V, Yazdi MET, Barani M, Rahdar A, Kyzas GZ. Plant-Based Gums and Mucilages Applications in Pharmacology and Nanomedicine: A Review. Molecules. 2021; 26: 1770. (https://doi.org/ 10.3390/molecules26061770).
  11. Yogi RK, Kumar Alok, Jaiswal AK. Lac, Plant Resins and Gums Statistics 2015: At a Glance. ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi (Jharkhand), India. Bulletin (Technical) No. 2017;01-72; 17/2017.
  12. Kumar N, Pratibha G, Petkoska AT, Singla M. Natural Gums for Fruits and Vegetables Preservation: A Review. 2021. In book: Gums, Resins and Latexes of Plant Origin. Springer. DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-76523-1-4-1.
  13. Avachat AM, Dash RR, Shrotriya SN. Recent investigations of plant based natural gums, mucilages and resins in novel drug delivery systems. Ind. J. Pharm. Edu. Res. 2011;45: 86–99.
  14. Rana V, Rai P, Tiwary AK, Singh RS, Kennedy JF, Knill CJ. Modified gums: Approaches and applications in drug delivery. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011; 83: 1031–1047.
  15. Deshmukh A, Aminabhavi T. Pharmaceutical applications of various natural gums. In Polysaccharides; Ramawat, K., Mérillon, J.M., Eds.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2015.
  16. Valluru R, Shivakumar HG. Investigation of Kondagogu gum and ghatti gum as binders in formulating metoprolol tartrate tablets. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2013; 42: 1110-1121.
  17. Morkhade DM, Joshi SB. Evaluation of gum damar as a novel microencapsulating material for ibuprofen and diltiazem hydrochloride. Ind J Pharm Sci. 2007; 69: 263-8.
  18. Jani GK, Shah DP, Prajapati VD, V.C Jain et al. Gums and mucilage’s: versatile excipients for pharmaceutical formulations. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2009; 4 (5): 308-322.
  19. A. Aslam, E. Parrott. Effect of aging on some physical properties of hydrochlorothiazide tablets. J Pharm. Sci., 1971, 60: 263-266.
  20. Girish K. Jani, Dhiren P. Shah, Vipul D. Prajapati, Vineet C. Jain, ?Gums and mucilages: versatile excipients for pharmaceutical formulations.” Asian J. Pharm. Sci., 2009; 4(5): 309-332.
  21. K. M. Kottke, M. R. Edward. Tablet Dosage Forms. In: Banker GS, Rhodes CT, ed. Modern Pharmaceutics. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2002: 287-333.
  22. Shirwaikar A, Prabu S, Kumar GA. Herbal excipients in novel drug delivery systems. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008; 70:415–442.
  23. Tavakoli N, Ghasemi N, Taimouri R, Hamishehkar H. Evaluation of okra gum as a binder in tablet dosage forms. Iranian J Pharm Res. 2004; 2:47.
  24. Murugesh Shivashankar, Mandal Badal Kumar. A review on interpenetrating polymer network. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012; 4(5): 1-7.
  25. Werle Martin. Natural and synthetic polymers as inhibitirs of drug efflux pumps. Pharmaceutical Research, 2008; 25(3): 500-511.
  26. S. K. Baveja, K. V. Ranga Rao, J. Arora. Examination of natural gums and mucilages as sustaining materials in tablet dosage forms. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 1988, 50: 89-92.
  27. S. P. Wahi, V. D. Sharma, V. K. Jain, et al. Studies on suspending property of mucilage of Hygrophila Spinosa T. Anders and Hibiscus Esculents Linn. Indian Drug, 1985, 22: 500-502.
  28. V. D. Rangari. Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry. Nashik, India: Career Publication; 2006.
  29. C. K. Kokate, A. P. Purohit, S. B. Gokhale. Pharmacognosy. Pune, India: Nirali Prakashan; 2006.
  30. C. R. Raymond, J. S. Paul, J. W. Paul. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. The Pharmaceutical Press and The American Pharmaceutical Association, 2003.
  31. Deore S.L, S.S. Khadabadi, "Standardisation and pharmaceutical evaluation of Chlorophytum borivilianum mucilage." Rasayan J. Chem., 2008; 1: 887-892.
  32. Kulkarni, G.T., K. Gowthmarajan, G.B. Rao and B. Suresh. "Evaluation of binding properties of selected natural mucilages. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research., 2002; 1: 329-332.
  33. Arul Kumaran KSG, Palanisamy S, Rajasekaran A, et al. Evaluation of Cassia roxburghii seed gum as binder in tablet formulations of selected drugs. Int J Pharm Sci Nanotechnol. 2010; 2(4):726-732.
  34. Kwakye OK, Asantewaa Y and Kipo SM, Physiochemical and binding properties of Cashew Tree gum in Metronidazole tablet formulation, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010; 2(4): 105-109.
  35. Jain N.K. Pharmaceuticals Product Development. CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2006; 228-230.
  36. Bharadwaj Sudhir, Gupta G.D, Sharma V.K. "Topical Gel: A Novel approach for drug delivery." Journal of Chemical Biological and Physical Sciences., 2012; 2(2): 856-866.
  37. A.K. Bandyopadhyay. "Development of a new nasal drug delivery system of diazepam with natural mucoadhesive agent from Triogenall foenum-graecum L," J. Scientific and Industrial Res., 2005; (64): 973-977.
  38. Doharey V, Sharma N, Bindal MC, Assessment of the suspending properties of Cordia gheraf Gum on Paracetamol suspension, Scholars Research Library. 2010; 2 (1): 510-517.
  39. Jian S, Yadav SK, Patil UK, Preparation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablet of Furosemide, Research journal of pharmacy and technology. 2008; 1(4): 374-376.
  40. Ogaji IJ, Okafor IS, and Hoag SW, Grewia Gum as a Film Coating Agent in Theophylline Tablet Formulation: Properties of Theophylline tablets coated with grewia gum as a film coating agent, Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Science. 2013; 5(1): 53–60.
  41. Mankala SK, Nagamalli NK, Raprla R, Kommula R, Preparation and Characterization of Mucoadhesive Microcapsules of Gliclazide with Natural Gums, Stamoford journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011; 4(1): 38-48.
  42. Rong-Kun C, Mirwais S and Michael L: Evaluation of the disintegrant properties for an experimental, cross-linked polyalkylammonium polymer. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 1998; 173: 87-92.
  43. Harris JM (2003), Chess RB. Effect of pegylation on pharmaceuticals. Nature Rev Drug Discovery 2:214–221.
  44. Patel, V.F., Liu, F. and Brown, M.B. (2011) Advances in Oral Transmucosal Drug Delivery. Journal of Controlled Release, 153, 106-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.027.
  45. Park, J.-H., Allen, M.G. and Prausnitz, M.R. (2005) Biodegradable Polymers Microneedles: Fabrication, Mechanics and Transdermal Drug Delivery. Journal of Controlled Release, 104, 51- 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.02.002.
  46. Lee, J.H. and Nan, A. (2012) Combination Drug Delivery Approaches in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Journal of Drug Delivery, 2012, Article ID: 915375.
  47. Fenyvest E, Antal B, Zsadon B and Szejtli J: Cyclodextrin polymer, a new tablet disintegrating agent. Pharmazie 1984; 39: 473- 475.
  48. Okafor IS, Ofoefule SI and Udeala OK: A comparative study of modified starches in direct compression of a poorly water-soluble drug (hydrochlorothiazide). Boll Chim Farm 2001; 140: 36-39.
  49. Shanmugam, S., Reddy, J.S. and Vetrichelvan, T. Formulation and in Vitro Evaluation of 5- Fluorouracil Microcapsules by Using Different Methods of Micro Encapsulation. http://www.pharmatutor.org/articles/formulation-invitro-evaluation-5-fluorouracilicrocapsules-different-methods-microencapsulation.
  50. Madziva H, Kailasapathy K, Phillips M. Alginate–pectin microcapsules as a potential for folic acid delivery in foods. Journal of Microencapsulation. 2005;22(4):343–351. Available from: https://dx. doi.org/10.1080/02652040500100931.
  51. F. K. Peter, M. S. Alistair, and C. C. Shirley, “Molecular structures of gum exudates from Hakea species,” Phytochemistry, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 709–713, 1993.
  52. S. C. Dinda and B. Mukharjee, “Gum cordia—a new tablet binder and emulsifier,” Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 189–198, 2009.
  53. Kulkarni, G.T.; Gowthamrajan, K.; Rao, B.G.; Suresh, B. Evaluation of binding properties of Plantago ovata and Trigonella foenum graecum mucilages. Indian Drugs 2002, 38, 422-468.
  54. Singh, B.; Chauhan, N.; Kumar, S. Radiation crosslinked psyllium and polyacrylic acid-based hydrogels for use in colon specific drug delivery. Carbohydr. Polym. 2008, 73, 446-455.
  55. Chavan Patil, M.D.; Jain, P.; Chaudhari, S.; Shear, R.; Vavia, P.R. Novel sustained release, swellable and bioadhesive gastroretentive drug delivery system for ofloxacin. Int. J. Pharm. 2006, 316, 86-92.
  56. B. S. Nayak, U. K. Nayak, K. B. Patro, and P. K. Rout, “Design and evaluation of controlled release bhara gum microcapsules of famotidine for oral use,” Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 433–436, 2008.
  57. J. J. L. Jenita, K. Vijaya, R. Suma, and B. Raj, “Formulation and evaluation of compression coated tablets of mesalazine for colon delivery,” International Journal of PharmTech Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 535–541, 2010.
  58. G. K. Jani and D. P. Shah, “Assessing Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn as an excipient in sustained-release tablets,” Pharmaceutical Technology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 62–75, 2008.
  59. S. Sarojini, S. D. Kunam, R. Manavalan, and B. Jayanthi, “Effect of natural gum as a binder in the formulation of diclofenac sodium tablets,” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 55–60, 2010.
  60. L. Osete-Cortina and M. T. Domenech-Carbo, “Analytical characterization of diterpenoid resins present in pictorial varnishes using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with on line trimethylsilylation,” Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1065, no. 2, pp. 265–278, 2005.
  61. M. J. Umekar and P. G. Yeole, “Characterization and evaluation of natural copal gum-resin as film forming material,” International Journal of Green Pharmacy, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 37–42, 2008.
  62. N. C. Ngwuluka, B. A. Idiakhoa, E. I. Nep, I. Ogaji, and I. S. Okafor, “Formulation and evaluation of paracetamol tablets manufactured using the dried fruit of Phoenix dactylifera Linn as an excipient,” Research in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 25–32, 2010.
  63. W. A. Ashton, M. Jefferies, R. G. Morley, G. Pass, G. O. Phillips, and D. M. J. Power, “Physical properties and applications of aqueous solutions of Albizia zygia gum,” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 26, pp. 697–704, 1975.
  64. US National Academy of Sciences, Tropical Legumes, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA, 1979.
  65. O. A. Odeku and J. T. Fell, “In-vitro evaluation of khaya and albizia gums as compression coatings for drug targeting to the colon,” Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 163–168, 2005.
  66. O. A. Bamiro, V. R. Sinha, R. Kumar, and O. A. Odeku, “Characterization and evaluation of Terminalia randii gum as a binder in carvedilol tablet formulation,” Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 254–262, 2010.
  67. A. B. Gangurde, S. S. Malode, and R. S. Bhambar, “Preliminary evaluation of neem gum as tablet binder,” Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 344– 347, 2008.
  68. A. H. Abdul, K. C. Suresh, B. A. Kumar et al., “Permeation studies of diclofenac sodium from ficus carica fruit mucilage matrices for transdermal delivery,” International Journal of ChemTech Research, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 937–941, 2010.
  69. I. S. Okafor, A. Chukwu, and K. Duala, “Some physicochemical properties of Grewia gum,” Nigeria Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 161–167, 2001.
  70. E. I. Nep and B. R. Conway, “Polysaccharide gum matrix tablets for oral controlled delivery of cimetidine,” Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 708–716, 2010.
  71. Ogaji and I. S. Okafor, “Potential of Grewia gum as film coating agent: some physicochemical properties of coated praziquantel tablets,” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 16–19, 2011.
  72. C. W. Vendruscolo, I. F. Andreazza, J. L. M. S. Ganter, C. Ferrero, and T. M. B. Bresolin, “Xanthan and galactomannan (from M. scabrella) matrix tablets for oral controlled delivery of theophylline,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 296, no. 1-2, pp. 1–11, 2005.
  73. Y. I. Muzib and P. S. Kurri, “Formulation and evaluation of gum olibanum-based sustained release matrix tablets of ambroxol hydrochloride,” International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 195–199, 2011.
  74. N. L. Prasanthi, S. S. Manikiran, and N. R. Rao, “In vitro drug release studies of ziprasidone from tablets using natural gums from biosphere,” Archives of Applied Science Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 513–519, 2011.
  75. K. P. R. Chowdary, P. Mohapatra, and M. N. M. Krishna, “Evaluation of olibanum resin as microencapsulating agent for controlled drug delivery,” Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 99–104, 2008.
  76. Gupta, M. K., Bhandari, A. K., and Singh, R. K. “Pharmacognostical Evaluations of the Leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 3(3): 818-821. 2012.
  77. V.V. Kale, R. Kasliwal, S. K. Parida. Formulation and release characteristics guar gum matrix tablet containing Metformin HCL. Int. Pharm. Expt. 2004,45:75-80.
  78. A. Y. Leung and S. Foster, Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 2nd edition, 1996.
  79. K. M. Rao, K. Gnanaprakash, and A. V. Badarinath, “Preparation and evaluation of flurbiprofen gel; mucilage of Cocculus hirsutus leaf powder as gel base,” International Journal of PharmTech Research, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1578–1583, 2010.
  80. G. A. Petropoulos, “Fenugreek: The genus Trigonella,” in Botany, G. A. Petropoulus, Ed., pp. 9–17, Taylor & Francis, London, UK, 2002.
  81. N. Ali, N. Hossein, K. Afagh, S. Tarifeh, V. Hadi, and J. L. Ford, “An in vitro evaluation of fenugreek mucilage as a potential excipient for oral controlled-release matrix tablet,” Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 323–329, 2008.
  82. K. Hirose, K. Endo, and K. Hasegawa, “A convenient synthesis of lepidimoide from okra mucilage and its growth-promoting activity in hypocotyls,” Carbohydrate Research, vol. 339, no. 1, pp. 9–19, 2004.
  83. R. Kumar, M. B. Patil, S. R. Patil, and M. S. Paschapur, “Evaluation of Abelmoschus esculentus mucilage as suspending agent in paracetamol suspension,” International Journal of PharmTech Research, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 658–665, 2009.
  84. K. B. Ilango, M. Manisha, D. Sri Durga, A. Raj Sekaran, M. S. Kumar, and T. Subburaju, “In vitro and in vivo evaluation of okra polysaccharide-based colon-targeted drug delivery systems,” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 138–145, 2010.
  85. D. M. Morkhade, S. V. Fulzele, P. M. Satturwar, and S. B. Joshi, “Gum copal and gum damar: novel matrix forming materials for sustained drug delivery,” Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 53–58, 2006.
  86. D. M. Morkhade and S. B. Joshi, “Evaluation of gum damar as a novel microencapsulating material for ibuprofen and diltiazem hydrochloride,” Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 263–268, 2007.
  87. D. Panda, N. S. K. Choudhury, M. Yedukondalu, S. Si, and R. Gupta, “Evaluation of gum of Moringa oleifera as a binder and release retardant in tablet formulation,” Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 614–618, 2008.
  88. B. V. Patel and D. Patel, “Study of disintegrant property of Moringa Oleifera gum and its comparison with other super disintegrants,” International Journal of ChemTech Research, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1119–1124, 2011.
  89. Dinesh M. Morkhade. Evaluation of gum mastic as a microencapsulating and matrix forming agent material for sustained drug release. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017, 12(5):424-432.
  90. K. V. R. Murthy and G. S. V. Subramanyam, Design and Statistical Optimization of Hupu Gum Based Gastric Floating Drug Delivery Systems of Diltiazem HCl, American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, Atlanta, Ga, USA, 2008.
  91. R. R. Krishna and T. E. G. K. Murthy, “Preparation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microcapsules of glipizide formulated with gum kondagogu: In vitro and in vivo,” Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 335–344, 2010.
  92. V. K. Shingala, A. K. Singh, S. K. Yadav, and T. Sivakumar, “Design and characterization of Diclofenac sodium tablets containing Mangifera indica resin as release retardant,” International Journal of PharmTech Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 2107–2111, 2010.
  93. K. N. Ravi, R. Sachin, and B. Mirtyunjaya, “Evaluation of disintegrating properties of Mangifera indica,” RGUHS Journal of Pharmaceutical Scirnces, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 11–20, 2011.
  94. Kalu VD, Odeniye MA, Jiayeoba KT. Matrix forming properties of a new plant gum in controlled drug delivery. Arch Pharm Res.2007, 30(7): 884-889.
  95. Adel O Aeye, Mbang N. Femi-oyewol, Michael A. Odenivi Tolulope O Ajala. Evaluation of Cissus popular gum as a directly compressible matrix system for tramadol hydrochloride extended-release tablet. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 9 (2)2019, 105-111.
  96. Singh. Pharmaceutical characterization of Cassia tora seed mucilage in tablet formulations. Scholar Res. Lib. 2010, 2(5): 54-61.
  97. Maeda I, Saito H, Masada M, Misaki A, Harada T. Properties of gels formed by heat treatment of curdlan, a bacterial ?-1, 3 glucans. Agric Biol Chem. 1967;31(10):1184–8.
  98. West TP. Production of the polysaccharide curdlan by agrobacterium species on processing coproducts and plant lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Fermentation. 2020;6(1):16.
  99. Zhang R, Edgar KJ. Properties, chemistry, and applications of the bioactive polysaccharide curdlan. Biomacromolecules. 2014;15(4):1079–96.
  100. Divyasri D, Gunasekar V, Benny I, Ponnusami V. A review on industrial applications of curdlan. Int J ChemTech Res. 2014;6(5):3000–3.
  101. Kanzawa Y, Koreeda A, Harada A, Harada T. Electron microscopy of the gel-forming ability of polysaccharide food additives. Agric Biol Chem. 1989;53(4):979–86.
  102. Miwa M, Nakao Y, Nara K. Food applications of curdlan. In: Food hydrocolloids. Springer; 1994. p. 119–24.
  103. Kalyanasundaram GT, Doble M, Gummadi SN. Production and downstream processing of (1? 3)-?-D-glucan from mutant strain of Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31750. AMB Express. 2012;2(1):1–10.
  104. Zhan X-B, Lin C-C, Zhang H-T. Recent advances in curdlan biosynthesis, biotechnological production, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012;93(2):525–31.
  105. Kim BS, Jung ID, Kim JS, Lee J-H, Lee IY, Lee KB. Curdlan gels as protein drug delivery vehicles. Biotechnol Lett. 2000;22(14):1127–30.
  106. Reddy B, Chandra S A, Vidya S NR, Gangadhar. Permeation studies of Diclofenac Sodium from Ficus carica fruit mucilage matrices for transdermal delivery. International Journal of Pharma Tech Research 2010, 2(2):1013-1017.
  107. Beedha S, Satyanarayana, Mounika K, Swathi G, Sravika K, Krishna M.M. Formulation and Characterizatin of Tramadol HCl Transdermal patch. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.2018, 8(1):23-28.
  108. Rishi Kumar, Rishabha Malviya and Promod Kumar Sharma. "Pharmaceutical Applications and Patents in Natural Polymer Based Drug Delivery System." Advances in Biological Research., 2015; 9(1): 24-32.
  109. D. Mahidhar Reddy, Sk. Razia Begum, K. Jyothirmai, G.V. Dileep Kumar, S. Jayasree, J. Jeevan Kumar, A.V.S. Gita Samira. "A Novel Review on Natural Polymers Used in Formulation of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms." International Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Medicines., 2013; 1(1): 71-78.
  110. Verma P.R P, Razdan B, Evaluation of Leucaenealeucocephata seed gum as suspending agent in sulphadimidine suspensions, Indian Journal of Pharmacutical science. 2003; 65: 665-668.
  111. Verma PRP, Razdan B, Evaluation of Leucaena leucocephala seed gum in tabletting. I. Disintegrant properties. S. T. P. Pharma Science. 2002; 12: 109-112.
  112. Pontes P.O, Determination of HLB of Anacardium gum, Revista de farmáciae bioquímica da Universidade de São Paulo. 1971; 2: 83-91.
  113. Shefter E, Raymond CR, Paul JS, Paul JW. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. and others, editor; The Pharmaceutical Press and the American Pharmaceutical Association. 2003.
  114. Seiyaku F, Sustained-release dilazep hydrochloride tablets. Containing sodium alginate. Japan. Patent 01025721. 1989.
  115. Viernstein H, Retarded-release drug tablet with alginic acid sodium alginate matrix. Austrian Patent 385200. 1988.
  116. Abbasi S. Challenges towards characterization and applications of a novel hydrocolloid: Persian gum. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci. 2017; 28:37–45.
  117. Abbasi S, Mohammadi S. Stabilization of milk–orange juice mixture using Persian gum: efficiency and mechanism. Food Biosci. 2013; 2:53–60.
  118. Jani, G.K.; Shah, D.P.; Jain, V.C.; Patel, M.J.; Vithalan, D.A. Evaluating mucilage from Aloe Barbadensis Miller as a pharmaceutical excipient for sustained-release matrix tablets. Pharm. Technol. 2007, 31, 90-98.
  119. M.M. Patel, G. M. Chauhan, L. D. Patel. Mucilage of Lepidiumsativum and Ocimumcanum as an emulgents. Indian J. Hosp. Pharm., 1987, 24: 200-202.
  120. F. Alvarez-Mancenido, M. Landin, I. Lacik, and R. Martinez Pacheco, “Konjac glucomannan and konjac glucomannan/xanthan gum mixtures as excipients for controlled drug delivery systems. Diffusion of small drugs,” International Journal of Pharmaceutics, vol. 349, no. 1-2, pp. 11–18, 2008.
  121. Rozier A, Mazuel C, Grove J, Plazonnet B, and Functionality testing of gellan gum: a polymeric excipient material for ophthalmic dosage forms. International journal of Pharmaceutics. 1997; 153(2):191-198.
  122. Rajnikanth PS, Balasubramaniam J, Mishra B, Development and evaluation of a novel floating in situ gelling system of amoxicillin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori, International of pharmaceutics, 2007;335(1):114-122.
  123. Kulkarni G.T, Gowthamarajan K, Dhobe R.R, et al., Development of controlled release spheroids using natural polysaccharide as release modifier, Drug Delivery. 2005;12(4): 201-206.
  124. A. A. Anthony, O. J. Nwabunze. Mucuna gum microspheres for oral delivery of glibenclamide: In vitro evaluation. Acta. Pharm. 2007, 57: 161–171.
  125. A. Cardenas, I. C. Higuera, F. M. Goycoolea. Rheology and aggregation of Opuntia cactus mucilage in solution. J. PACD. 1997, 2: 152-159.
  126. N. S. Sheth, N. V. Shah, and N. C. Shah, “Extraction of mucilage from Ocimum americanum linn and its role as disintegrant in tablets formulation,” Journal of Global Pharma Technology, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 26–31, 2010.
  127. S. B. Narkhede, R. B. Atul, G. J. Anil. Isolation and Evaluation of Starch of Artocarpusheterophyllusas a tablet binder. Pharm.Tech. 2011, 3: 836-840.
  128. Azadbakht M, Fadakar Y. Assessment of Ferula gummosa gum as a binding agent in tablet formulations. Acta Pol Pharm. 2012; 1: 291-298.
  129. Kumar N, Pratibha G, Petkoska AT, Singla M. Natural Gums for Fruits and Vegetables Preservation: A Review. 2021. In book: Gums, Resins and Latexes of Plant Origin. Springer. DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-76523-1_4-1.
  130. Bhardwaj TR, Kanwar M, Lal R, Gupta A.  Natural gums and modified natural gums as sustained- release carriers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2000;26(10):1025–38.

Photo
Yukti Mahajan
Corresponding author

Student, M. Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Distt- Kangra (H.P), India

Photo
Dev Raj Sharma
Co-author

Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Distt- Kangra (H.P), India

Photo
Pravin Kumar
Co-author

Professor and HOD, Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Distt- Kangra (H.P), India

Photo
Mahender Singh Ashawat
Co-author

Principal, Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Distt- Kangra (H.P), India

Yukti Mahajan*, Dev Raj Sharma, Pravin Kumar, Mahender Singh Ashawat, Natural Polymers as Excipient in Formulation of Novel Drug Delivery System, Int. J. in Pharm. Sci., 2023, Vol 1, Issue 8, 50-71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8229107

More related articles
Cyclodextrin Based Nanosponges: A Novel Approach F...
Kanika, Chinu Kumari, Dev Prakash Dahiya, Nikhil Rana, Rahul Shar...
Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-acne Gel...
Ritu Pandore, Rohan Londhe, Dnyaneshwar Vyavhare, Megha Salve, ...
A Comprehensive Review On Analytical Methods For T...
Pallavi Turukmane, Charushila Bhangale, ...
View more
A Comprehensive Review Of Drug Device Combination...
Yashashri K. Deore, Sakshi V. Dashpute, Vaibhav B. Gunjal, Sejal R. Pagar, Shivraj P. Jadhav, Dhanan...
Lifestyle Intervention: The Quintessential tool to prevent and reverse Type 2 Di...
J.C Balachandar, Sanjeev Kumar Yadav, Amit Kumar Agrawal, S. Irshad Ahamed, A. Ayeshamariam, M. Jaya...
Vitamin D And Its Relationship To Type 2 Diabetes...
Sara H. Thejeel, Assala salam Jebar, Maysm barzan, ...
View more
Download PDF
Related Articles
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome; A Rare Case Report ...
Shaik Khadeer Ahamad, Deepthi Dara, Sanjana Reddy Thota, Rama Rao Tadikonda, ...
Development And Validation of New RP HPLC Method For the Simultaneous Estimation...
P. Seetharamaiah, Nagaraju Pappula, JVLN. Seshagiri Rao, D. Gowrisankar, ...
Advancement In Carbon Nanotubes And Its Applications In Pharmaceutical Science...
Sandhya Jaiswal, Samiksha sahu, Sourabh Gupta, Sagar chandrakar, Ashwani Tanwar, Shruti Rathore, ...
Comparison Studies Of Enteric Coated And Uncoated Tablets...
Firdos sultana, Sinthya H. M., Panchami N. M., Chandana, Uma maheswari, Raziya begum, Vasantha T. S,...
Cyclodextrin Based Nanosponges: A Novel Approach For Targeted Drug Delivery...
Kanika, Chinu Kumari, Dev Prakash Dahiya, Nikhil Rana, Rahul Sharma, Abhilash Rai, Abhishek Soni, ...
More related articles
Cyclodextrin Based Nanosponges: A Novel Approach For Targeted Drug Delivery...
Kanika, Chinu Kumari, Dev Prakash Dahiya, Nikhil Rana, Rahul Sharma, Abhilash Rai, Abhishek Soni, ...
Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-acne Gel...
Ritu Pandore, Rohan Londhe, Dnyaneshwar Vyavhare, Megha Salve, ...
A Comprehensive Review On Analytical Methods For The Simultaneous Estimation Of ...
Pallavi Turukmane, Charushila Bhangale, ...
View more
Cyclodextrin Based Nanosponges: A Novel Approach For Targeted Drug Delivery...
Kanika, Chinu Kumari, Dev Prakash Dahiya, Nikhil Rana, Rahul Sharma, Abhilash Rai, Abhishek Soni, ...
Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-acne Gel...
Ritu Pandore, Rohan Londhe, Dnyaneshwar Vyavhare, Megha Salve, ...
A Comprehensive Review On Analytical Methods For The Simultaneous Estimation Of ...
Pallavi Turukmane, Charushila Bhangale, ...
View more

Copyright © 2023 IJPS. All rights reserved