View Article

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. HCC ranks as the ninth most common cause of cancer-related fatalities in the US. Incident and death rates are still rising despite improvements in screening, prevention, and diagnosis and treatment technologies. Regardless of the cause, cirrhosis continues to be the primary risk factor for the development of HCC. There are separate risk factors for the development of cirrhosis associated with hepatitis B and C. Since alcohol misuse is five times more common in the US than hepatitis C, alcohol consumption continues to be a significant extra risk factor. Without pathologic confirmation, the diagnosis is confirmed. Screening involves 6-monthly serological indicators like ?-fetoprotein as well as radiologic testing including ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. There are several treatment options available, however the only cures are orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and surgical resection. HCC typically develops in the context of advanced-stage chronic liver disease, though this is not always the case. Due to the variability of HCC and the occasionally challenging process of confirming hepatocellular distinction, the histological diagnosis of HCC presents numerous obstacles, especially when working with liver biopsy specimens. The spectrum of primary liver cancers includes a variety of tumours exhibiting both hepatocellular and cholangiocellular differentiation, with or without a progenitor/stem cell component present in the center. At either extreme of the spectrum are typical hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinomas. It can be very difficult to characterize combined (or mixed) hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Differentiating between HCC and its antecedents remains the primary issue for the histopathologist in advanced-stage chronic liver disease; nevertheless, this is rarely critical in the clinical context at this time. HCC originating in non-cirrhotic livers needs to be differentiated from other primary and extrahepatic tumours and from hepatocellular adenoma bearing in mind that progressionto malignancy is more through a continuum that watertight histological categories

Keywords

Hepatocellular, Diagnosis, Treatment.

Reference

  1. Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  2.  Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
  3. AskMayoExpert. Hepatocellular carcinoma (adult). Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018.
  4. Díaz-González Á, Reig M, Bruix J. Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis. 2016;34(5):597-602. doi: 10.1159/000445275. Epub 2016 Jun 22. PMID: 27332893.
  5. Tinkle, Christopher L., and Daphne Haas-Kogan. "Hepatocellular carcinoma: natural history, current management, and emerging tools." Biologics: Targets and Therapy (2012): 207-219.
  6. Balogh, Julius, et al. "Hepatocellular carcinoma: a review." Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma (2016): 41-53.
  7. Sanyal, Arun J., Seung Kew Yoon, and Riccardo Lencioni. "The etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and consequences for treatment." The oncologist 15.S4 (2010): 14-22.
  8. Vijith Vittal Shetty, MD,DM1 and Adithi Kellarai, MD1" Comprehensive Review of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in India:Current Challenges and future direction ".© 2022 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.
  9. Balogh, Julius, et al. "Hepatocellular carcinoma: a review." Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma (2016): 41-53.
  10. 8 .Yang, Ju Dong, and Julie K. Heimbach. "New advances in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma." Bmj 371 (2020).
  11. Diaz-Gonzalez, Alvaro, Maria Reig, and Jordi Bruix. "Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma." Digestive Diseases 34.5 (2016): 597-602.
  12. Daher, Saleh, et al. "Current and future treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: an updated comprehensive review." Journal of clinical and translational hepatology 6.1 (2018): 69.
  13. Luo, Xiang-Yuan, Kong-Ming Wu, and Xing-Xing He. "Advances in drug development for patocellular carcinoma: clinical trials and potential therapeutic targets." Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 40.1 (2021): 172.
  14. Rossi, Luigi, et al. "Current approach in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma." World journal of gastrointestinal oncology 2.9 (2010): 348.
  15. Raoul, Jean-Luc, et al. "Updated use of TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: How and when to use it based on clinical evidence." Cancer treatment reviews 72 (2019): 28-36.
  16. 14 .Sangro, Bruno, et al. "Advances in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma." Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology 18.8 (2021): 525-543.
  17. Jain D. Tissue diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2014 Aug;4(Suppl 3):S67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.03.047. Epub 2014 Apr 1. PMID: 25755614; PMCID: PMC4284239.
  18. Boucher, Eveline, et al. "New drugs for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma." Liver International 29 (2009): 148-158.
  19. Nault, Jean-Charles, et al. "Percutaneous treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: state of the art and innovations." Journal of hepatology 68.4 (2018): 783-797.
  20. 18 Rimassa, Lorenza, Tiziana Pressiani, and Philippe Merle. "Systemic treatment options in hepatocellular carcinoma." Liver cancer 8.6 (2019): 427-446.
  21. Hartke, Justin, Matthew Johnson, and Marwan Ghabril. "The diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma." Seminars in diagnostic pathology. Vol. 34. No. 2. WB Saunders, 2017.
  22. Regimbeau JM, Colombat M, Mognol P, Durand F, Abdalla E, Degott C, et al. Obesity and diabetes as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2004;10(2 Suppl 1):S69-73.
  23. Grandhi, Miral Sadaria, et al. "Hepatocellular carcinoma: from diagnosis to treatment." Surgical oncology 25.2 (2016): 74-85.
  24. Sim, Hao-Wen, and Jennifer Knox. "Hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of immunotherapy." Current Problems in Cancer 42.1 (2018): 40-48.
  25. Malek, Nisar P., et al. "The diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma." Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 111.7 (2014): 101.

Photo
Nikita khadke
Corresponding author

Department of Pharmacy, Late Bhagirathi Yashwantrao Pathrikar College of Pharmacy, Pathri  District. Chh. Sambhajinagar, India

Photo
Priyanka Shelke
Co-author

Department of Pharmacy, Late Bhagirathi Yashwantrao Pathrikar College of Pharmacy, Pathri  District. Chh. Sambhajinagar, India

Photo
Gajanan Sanap
Co-author

Department of Pharmacy, Late Bhagirathi Yashwantrao Pathrikar College of Pharmacy, Pathri  District. Chh. Sambhajinagar, India

Nikita khadke, Priyanka Shelke, Gajanan Sanap, Hepatocellular carcinoma Diagnosis treatment and management, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2024, Vol 2, Issue 1, 155-164. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494779

More related articles
Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Cream For Man...
Kartiki Dnyaneshwar More , Pankaj Vishnu Vyawhare , ...
Overview Of The Use Of Wearable Artificial Intelli...
Ujwal Samadhan Chaudhari , Kishor V. Otari, Ajay Y. Kale, ...
A Study on OTC products in India and Europe: Marke...
Dheeraj Kotagiri, Dr. Bhavana B Bhat, Venkateswara Raju, K. Krish...
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo ...
Sanket Ashokrao Hood , Ganesh Tulshidas Harkal, Aman Girish Ghivdhonde, Nilesh Gajanan Lokhande, Har...
Advancements in Understanding the Neuromuscular Junction: Implications for Muscl...
Arnab Roy, K. Rajeswar Dutt, Mahesh Kumar Yadav, Sudarshan Rawani, Gangadhar Singh, Suraj Kumar, Ami...
Related Articles
Determination Of Etoricoxib By Analytical And Bioanalytical Methods: A Review...
Shweta Vinayak Rane, Sapan K. Shah, Dinesh R. Chaple, Mayur A. Lohi, Pooja R. Denge, Sahil D. Gayakw...
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Chocolate: Chocogil ...
Rajashri R. Kulkarni, Yogita Patil, Prajakta Kokane, ...
Herbal Nanogel Formulations For Psoriasis: A Review Of Recent Advances And Futur...
Shweta Dnyandev Birajdar , Supriya dayanand Khutwad , Kishor Otari, ...
Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Cream For Management Of Varicose Veins...
Kartiki Dnyaneshwar More , Pankaj Vishnu Vyawhare , ...
More related articles
Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Cream For Management Of Varicose Veins...
Kartiki Dnyaneshwar More , Pankaj Vishnu Vyawhare , ...
Overview Of The Use Of Wearable Artificial Intelligence And Smart Devices In The...
Ujwal Samadhan Chaudhari , Kishor V. Otari, Ajay Y. Kale, ...
A Study on OTC products in India and Europe: Market Prospective...
Dheeraj Kotagiri, Dr. Bhavana B Bhat, Venkateswara Raju, K. Krishna Teja, K. Jnanendra Kumar, M. Jee...
Formulation And Evaluation Of Herbal Cream For Management Of Varicose Veins...
Kartiki Dnyaneshwar More , Pankaj Vishnu Vyawhare , ...
Overview Of The Use Of Wearable Artificial Intelligence And Smart Devices In The...
Ujwal Samadhan Chaudhari , Kishor V. Otari, Ajay Y. Kale, ...
A Study on OTC products in India and Europe: Market Prospective...
Dheeraj Kotagiri, Dr. Bhavana B Bhat, Venkateswara Raju, K. Krishna Teja, K. Jnanendra Kumar, M. Jee...