Department of Pharmacy, Late Bhagirathi Yashwantrao Pathrikar College of Pharmacy, Pathri District. Chh. Sambhajinagar, India
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. HCC ranks as the ninth most common cause of cancer-related fatalities in the US. Incident and death rates are still rising despite improvements in screening, prevention, and diagnosis and treatment technologies. Regardless of the cause, cirrhosis continues to be the primary risk factor for the development of HCC. There are separate risk factors for the development of cirrhosis associated with hepatitis B and C. Since alcohol misuse is five times more common in the US than hepatitis C, alcohol consumption continues to be a significant extra risk factor. Without pathologic confirmation, the diagnosis is confirmed. Screening involves 6-monthly serological indicators like ?-fetoprotein as well as radiologic testing including ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. There are several treatment options available, however the only cures are orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and surgical resection. HCC typically develops in the context of advanced-stage chronic liver disease, though this is not always the case. Due to the variability of HCC and the occasionally challenging process of confirming hepatocellular distinction, the histological diagnosis of HCC presents numerous obstacles, especially when working with liver biopsy specimens. The spectrum of primary liver cancers includes a variety of tumours exhibiting both hepatocellular and cholangiocellular differentiation, with or without a progenitor/stem cell component present in the center. At either extreme of the spectrum are typical hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinomas. It can be very difficult to characterize combined (or mixed) hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. Differentiating between HCC and its antecedents remains the primary issue for the histopathologist in advanced-stage chronic liver disease; nevertheless, this is rarely critical in the clinical context at this time. HCC originating in non-cirrhotic livers needs to be differentiated from other primary and extrahepatic tumours and from hepatocellular adenoma bearing in mind that progressionto malignancy is more through a continuum that watertight histological categories
Nikita khadke, Priyanka Shelke, Gajanan Sanap, Hepatocellular carcinoma Diagnosis treatment and management, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2024, Vol 2, Issue 1, 155-164. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10494779
10.5281/zenodo.10494779
