View Article

  • Development and characterization of Phytosome as a novel carrier by QbD approach
  • Photo Ritika M. Revankar* Photo Abhishek V. Desai Photo Nilesh B. Chougule

  • 1Student Ashokrao Mane Institute of Pharmacy, Ambap-416112
    2Assistant Professor Ashokrao Mane Institute of Pharmacy, Ambap.
    3Principal Ashokrao Mane Institute of Pharmacy, Ambap
     

Abstract

In the last few decades, a lot of work has gone into making nanopharmaceuticals that work better with drugs. The term "phytosome" refers to a novel, recently developed method that is frequently used in the production of plant-based pharmaceuticals. As a result, more and more products are being approved by drug regulatory bodies. Although herbal nano medicines follow the same procedures for regulation as traditional pharmaceuticals, the large degree of quality variation is possible due to their nanoscale biological properties. The implementation of systematic quality-by-design (QbD) concepts has led to improvements in medication quality assurance. The QbD approach details the formulation's CQA, CMA, and CPP, which ensure the dosage form's quality. The concept of Quality-by-Design (QbD) was created by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) to provide a systematic approach to product development that is grounded in strong science and quality risk management. The production of pharmaceuticals is being enhanced, leading to better drugs in terms of quality, safety, and effectiveness.

Keywords

Nano pharmaceuticals, Quality by Design, CQA, CMA, QTPP

Reference

  1. Alkhamaiseh, Suhaib Ibrahim, and Mohamad Aljofan. "Prevalence of use and reported side effects of herbal medicine among adults in Saudi Arabia." Complementary Therapies in Medicine 48 (2020): 102255.
  2. Flores IS, Martinelli BC, Lião LM. High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) as a tool in the determination of biomarkers of Passiflora-based herbal medicines. Fitoterapia. 2020 Apr 1;142:104500.
  3. Yang K, Long XM, Cao JJ, Li YJ, Wu Y, Bai X, Sun ZL, Liu ZY. An analytical strategy to explore the multicomponent pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine independently of standards: Application in Gelsemium elegans extracts. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2019 Nov 30;176:112833.
  4. Market RF. Prestressed concrete market research report-global forecast till 2025.
  5. Dongare PN, Motule AS, Dubey MR, More MP, Patinge PA, Bakal RL, Manwar JV. Recent development in novel drug delivery systems for delivery of herbal drugs: An updates. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews. 2021;8(2):008-18.
  6. Karpuz M, Gunay MS, Ozer AY. Liposomes and phytosomes for phytoconstituents. InAdvances and avenues in the development of novel carriers for bioactives and biological agents 2020 Jan 1 (pp. 525-553). Academic Press.
  7. Gaikwad SS, Morade YY, Kothule AM, Kshirsagar SJ, Laddha UD, Salunkhe KS. Overview of phytosomes in treating cancer: Advancement, challenges, and future outlook. Heliyon. 2023 May 24.
  8. Tran, N., B. Pham & L. Le (2020). Bioactive compounds in anti-diabetic plants: From herbal medicine to modern drug discovery. Biology, 9: 252.
  9. Singh, A., A. Ray, R. Mishra, P.K. Biswal, R. Yadav & S.K. Ghatuary (2020). Phyto-Phospholipid complexes: Innovative approach to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of herbal extract. Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal, Pages 01-09.
  10. Priya VM, Kumaran A. Recent Trends in Phytosome Nanocarriers for Improved Bioavailability and Uptake of Herbal Drugs. Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023;29(3):298-319.
  11. Shirohiwala R, Shah C, Upadhyay U. Implementation of Qbd & AQbD approach in pharmaceutical formulation and analytical method development: A Comprehensive Research-Review.
  12. Cunha S, Costa CP, Moreira JN, Lobo JM, Silva AC. Using the quality by design (QbD) approach to optimize formulations of lipid nanoparticles and nanoemulsions: A review. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 2020 Aug 1;28:102206.
  13. Swain, Suryakanta, et al. "Quality by design: concept to applications." Current drug discovery technologies 16.3 (2019): 240-250.
  14. Munson J, Freeman Stanfield C, Gujral B. A review of process analytical technology (PAT) in the US pharmaceutical industry. Current Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2006 Nov 1;2(4):405-14.
  15. Sangshetti JN, Deshpande M, Zaheer Z, Shinde DB, Arote R. Quality by design approach: Regulatory need. Arabian Journal of chemistry. 2017 May 1;10:S3412-25.
  16. Gochhayat G, Alam MS, Kumar M, Pal P, Singh R, Saini V. Quality by Design: A new practice for production of pharmaceutical products. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019 Feb 15;9(1-s):416-24.
  17. Guideline IH. Quality risk management. Q9, Current step. 2005 Nov;4:408.
  18. Mishra V, Thakur S, Patil A, Shukla A. Quality by design (QbD) approaches in current pharmaceutical set-up. Expert opinion on drug delivery. 2018 Aug 3;15(8):737-58.
  19. Juran JM. Juran on quality by design: the new steps for planning quality into goods and services. Simon and Schuster; 1992 May 4.
  20. ICH Q8 (R2), Pharmaceutical Development, Part I: Pharmaceutical Development 2009,
  21. ICH Q9, Quality Risk Management 2006 -quality-risk-management.
  22. ICH Q10, Pharmaceutical Quality Systems 2009 -pharmaceutical-quality-system
  23. Rathore AS, Li Y, Chhabra H, Lohiya A. FDA Warning Letters: A Retrospective Analysis of Letters Issued to Pharmaceutical Companies from 2010–2020. Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation. 2022 Aug 15:1-0.
  24. Wu H, Dong Z, Li H, Khan M. An integrated process analytical technology (PAT) approach for pharmaceutical crystallization process understanding to ensure product quality and safety: FDA scientist’s perspective. Organic Process Research & Development. 2015 Jan 16;19(1):89-101.
  25. Yu LX, Raw A, Lionberger R, Rajagopalan R, Lee LM, Holcombe F, Patel R, Fang F, Sayeed V, Schwartz P, Adams R. US FDA question-based review for generic drugs: A new pharmaceutical quality assessment system. Journal of Generic Medicines. 2007 Jul;4(4):239-46.
  26. Rozet E, Lebrun P, Michiels JF, Sondag P, Scherder T, Boulanger B. Analytical procedure validation and the quality by design paradigm. Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics. 2015 Mar 4;25(2):260-8.
  27. Arsiccio A, Pisano R. Application of the quality by design approach to the freezing step of freeze-drying: building the design space. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018 Jun 1;107(6):1586-96.
  28. Beg S, Hasnain MS, Rahman M, Swain S. Introduction to quality by design (QbD): fundamentals, principles, and applications. InPharmaceutical quality by design 2019 Jan 1 (pp. 1-17). Academic Press.
  29. Claycamp HG. Perspective on quality risk management of pharmaceutical quality. Drug Information Journal. 2007 May;41(3):353-67.
  30. Singh J. International conference on harmonization of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics. 2015 Sep;6(3):185-7.
  31. Kattyar SL, Patil PS, Patil SV, Kadam SS. Phytosomes and recent research on phytosomal drugs. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2022;12(1):61-9.
  32. Babazadeh A, Zeinali M, Hamishehkar H. Nano-phytosome: a developing platform for herbal anti-cancer agents in cancer therapy. Current drug targets. 2018 Feb 1;19(2):170-80.
  33. Anjana R, Kumar S, Sharma H, Khar R. Phytosome drug delivery of natural products: A promising technique for enhancing bioavailability. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2017;7(03):157-65.
  34. Barani M, Sangiovanni E, Angarano M, Rajizadeh MA, Mehrabani M, Piazza S, Gangadharappa HV, Pardakhty A, Mehrbani M, Dell’Agli M, Nematollahi MH. Phytosomes as innovative delivery systems for phytochemicals: A comprehensive review of literature. International journal of nanomedicine. 2021 Oct 15:6983-7022.
  35. Lu M, Qiu Q, Luo X, Liu X, Sun J, Wang C, Lin X, Deng Y, Song Y. Phyto-phospholipid complexes (phytosomes): A novel strategy to improve the bioavailability of active constituents. Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2019 May 1;14(3):265-74.
  36. Li J, Wang X, Zhang T, Wang C, Huang Z, Luo X, Deng Y. A review on phospholipids and their main applications in drug delivery systems. Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2015 Apr 1;10(2):81-98.
  37. Barani M, Sangiovanni E, Angarano M, Rajizadeh MA, Mehrabani M, Piazza S, Gangadharappa HV, Pardakhty A, Mehrbani M, Dell’Agli M, Nematollahi MH. Phytosomes as innovative delivery systems for phytochemicals: A comprehensive review of literature. International journal of nanomedicine. 2021 Oct 15:6983-7022.
  38. Anjana R, Kumar S, Sharma H, Khar R. Phytosome drug delivery of natural products: A promising technique for enhancing bioavailability. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2017;7(03):157-65.
  39. Telange DR, Patil AT, Pethe AM, Fegade H, Anand S, Dave VS. Formulation and characterization of an apigenin-phospholipid phytosome (APLC) for improved solubility, in vivo bioavailability, and antioxidant potential. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017 Oct 15;108:36-49.
  40. Karata? A, Turhan F. Phyto-phospholipid complexes as drug delivery system for herbal extracts/molecules. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015 Jan 1;12(1):93-102.
  41. Saudagar WS, Sidram GP, Baburo GS, Agarwal G, Agarwal S, Gadgeppa BO. Development and Characterization of Terminalia arjuna Phospholipid Complex and Its Tablet Formulation by Qbd Approach.(2021). Int. J. Life Sci. Pharma Res.;11(3):P14-28.
  42. Singh A, Arora S, Singh TG. Development and optimization of Andrographis paniculata extract-loaded phytosomes using Box-Behnken design approach. Journal of Integrated Science and Technology. 2023 Jan 24;11(4):558-.
  43. Alshahrani SM. Optimization and Characterization of Cuscuta reflexa Extract Loaded Phytosomes by the Box-Behnken Design to Improve the Oral Bioavailability. Journal of Oleo Science. 2022;71(5):671-83.
  44. Udapurkar PP, Bhusnure OG, Kamble SR. Diosmin Phytosomes: development, optimization and physicochemical characterization. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2018 Oct 1;52(4):S29-36.
  45. Nandhini S, Ilango K. Development and characterization of a nano-drug delivery system containing vasaka phospholipid complex to improve bioavailability using quality by design approach. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021 Feb;16(1):103.
  46. Omprakash G. DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TAMARINDUS INDICA-PHOSPOLIPIDS COMPLEX AS AN EFFECTIVE PHYTOCONSTITUENTS DELIVERY SYSTEM BY QbD APPROACH.
  47. Küpeli Akkol E, Güngör Ak A, Karata? A. Preparation and optimization of berberine phospholipid complexes using QbD approach and in vivo evaluation for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity.
  48. Chen X, Fan X, Li F. Development and evaluation of a novel diammonium glycyrrhizinate phytosome for nasal vaccination. Pharmaceutics. 2022 Sep 21;14(10):2000
  49. Ittadwar PA, Bhojne SV, Puranik PK. Novel salicin phytosomal complex: development and optimization using central composite design. World J. Pharm. Res. 2018 Mar 5;7(9):735-51.
  50. Rani A, Kumar S, Khar RK. Murraya Koenigii Extract Loaded Phytosomes Prepared Using Antisolvent Precipitation Technique for Improved Antidiabetic and Hypolidemic Activity. Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res. 2022 Apr 1;56:s326-38.
  51. Alam P, Shakeel F, Taleuzzaman M, Foudah AI, Alqarni MH, Aljarba TM, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) Application for Optimization of Chromatographic Conditions in RP-HPLC Method Development for the Estimation of Thymoquinone in Nigella sativa Seed Powder. Processes. 2022 May 29;10(6):1082.
  52. jain P, Taleuzzaman M, Kala C, Kumar Gupta D, Ali A, Aslam M. Quality by design (Qbd) assisted development of phytosomal gel of aloe vera extract for topical delivery. Journal of Liposome Research. 2021 Oct 2;31(4):381-8.
  53. Taleuzzaman M, Sartaj A, Kumar Gupta D, Gilani SJ, Mirza MA. Phytosomal gel of Manjistha extract (MJE) formulated and optimized with central composite design of Quality by Design (QbD). Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 2023 Feb 1;44(2):236-44.
  54. Khan AD, Singh MK, Lavhale PM. Polyherbal phytosomal gel for enhanced topical delivery: design, optimization by central composite design, in vitro and ex-vivo evaluation. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 2023 Mar 28:1-4.
  55. Tafish AM, El-Sherbiny M, Al?Karmalawy AA, Soliman OA, Saleh NM. Carvacrol-Loaded Phytosomes for Enhanced Wound Healing: Molecular Docking, Formulation, DoE-Aided Optimization, and in vitro/in vivo Evaluation. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2023 Dec 31:5749-80.
  56. Sharma N, Singh S, Laller N, Arora S. Application of central composite design for statistical optimization of trigonella foenum-graecum phytosome-based cream. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020;13(4):1627-32.
  57. Dubey M, Shirsat MK. Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosome Tablet Of Cucumis Sativus Linn Plant. International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review.;11(04):20209-24.
  58. Maryana W, Rahma A, Mudhakir D, Rachmawati H. Phytosome containing silymarin for oral administration: Formulation and physical evaluation. Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering. 2015 Dec 2;25:54-65.
  59. Arora S, Sharma A, Kaur P. Preparation and characterization of phytosomal-phospholipid complex of p. amarus and its tablet formulation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management. 2013 May 17;1(1):1-8.
  60. H. Shariare M, Afnan K, Iqbal F, A. Altamimi M, Ahamad SR, S. Aldughaim M, K. Alanazi F, Kazi M. Development and optimization of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) nano phytosome using design of experiment (DoE) and their in vivo anti-inflammatory studies. Molecules. 2020 Nov 20;25(22):5453.
  61. Rani A, Goyal A, Arora S. ISOLATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS FORMULATION. Plant Archives. 2021;21(1):2674-82.
  62. Sahu AR, Bothara SB. Formulation and evaluation of phytosome drug delivery system of boswellia serrata extract. Int J Res Med. 2015;4(2):94-9.
  63. Burjwal G, Singh A, Jain SK, Jain NK. Preparation & Characterization of Phytosome of Morinda citrifolia Extract.
  64. Gahandule MB, Jadhav SJ, Gadhave MV, Gaikwad DD. Formulation and development of hepato-protective butea monosperma-phytosome. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2016;1(4):21-7.
  65. Karekar P, Killedar S, More H, Shaikh A, Joshi S, Waghmare S, Walvekar A, Buchade R, Patil S. Accelerated Stability Studies of Mucuna prureins Hydroalcoholic Extract Phytosome Formulation, and Evaluation of its Capsule Dosage Form
  66. Mahakalkar NG, Dighe N, Avari JG. FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CAPSULES CONTAINING PHYYTOSOMES OF PHYSALIS MINIMA LINN. FOR IMPROVED THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME.
  67. Anwar E, Farhana N. Formulation and evaluation of phytosome-loaded maltodextrin-gum Arabic microsphere system for delivery of Camellia sinensis extract. Journal of young pharmacists. 2018;10(2s):S56.
  68. Abdelkader H, Longman MR, Alany RG, Pierscionek B. Phytosome-hyaluronic acid systems for ocular delivery of L-carnosine. International journal of nanomedicine. 2016 Jun 14:2815-27.
  69. Li J, Cheng T, Tian Q, Cheng Y, Zhao L, Zhang X, Qu Y. A more efficient ocular delivery system of triamcinolone acetonide as eye drop to the posterior segment of the eye. Drug delivery. 2019 Jan 1;26(1):188-98.
  70. Ridwan SU, Hartati RI, Pamudji JS. Development and evaluation of cream preparation containing phytosome from amla fruit extract (Phyllanthus emblica L.). Int J App Pharm. 2023;15(4):91-8.
  71. Rahman SH. Formulation and evaluation of Cassia auriculata flower extract-loaded phytosomal cream to enhance the topical bioavailability. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP). 2021;15(4).
  72. Satyendra P, Arun P, Shailendra P, Neelesh D, Neeraj K. FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TOPICAL CREAM OF PIPERINE FOR VITILIGO. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018;7(3):11.
  73. Anggini AW, Fariha TA, Sari RK, Rafi M, Wientarsih I, Sutardi LN. Hedonic Ratings and Physicochemical Stability of Antiaging Cream Formulas with Natural Active Ingredients of Nanophytosome from Combination of Merbau Wood-Gotu Kola Leaves Extracts and Essential Oils. InBIO Web of Conferences 2023 (Vol. 77, p. 01004). EDP Sciences.
  74. Joshua JM, Anilkumar A, Cu VE, T Vasudevan DE, Surendran SA. Formulation and evaluation of antiaging phytosomal gel. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2018 Mar;11(3):409-22.
  75. Chittasupho C, Chaobankrang K, Sarawungkad A, Samee W, Singh S, Hemsuwimon K, Okonogi S, Kheawfu K, Kiattisin K, Chaiyana W. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and attenuating intracellular reactive oxygen species activities of Nicotiana tabacum var. Virginia leaf extract phytosomes and shape memory gel formulation. Gels. 2023 Jan 18;9(2):78.
  76. Rajamma SS, Krishnaswami V, Prabu SL, Kandasamy R. Geophila repens phytosome-loaded intranasal gel with improved nasal permeation for the effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2022 Mar 1;69:103087.
  77. Mannan A, Begum S, Rasheed A. Formulation, Development and Evaluation of                              Phytosomal Gel of Thymoquinone.
  78. Patidar M, Deshmukh N, Mandloi N, Patidar B, Solanki L, Pillai S. FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FACE SERUM CONTAIN PHYTOSOME OF GINGEROL OIL, CARICA PAPAYA PULP EXTRACT AND ALOE VERA GEL.
  79. Surini S, Mubarak H, Ramadon D. Cosmetic serum containing grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed extract phytosome: Formulation and in vitro penetration study. Journal of young pharmacists. 2018;10(2s):S51.
  80. Sasongko RE, Surini S, Saputri FC. Formulation and characterization of bitter melon extract (momordica charantia) loaded phytosomes. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2019;11(6)
  81. Bharati R, Badola A. FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PHYTOSOMAL GEL OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS FOR TREATMENT OF SKIN AGEING.
  82. Suzilla WY, Izzati A, Isha I, Zalina A, Rajaletchumy VK. Formulation and evaluation of antimicrobial herbosomal gel from Quercus infectoria extract. InIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (Vol. 736, No. 2, p. 022030). IOP Publishing.
  83. El-Menshawe SF, Ali AA, Rabeh MA, Khalil NM. Nanosized soy phytosome-based thermogel as topical anti-obesity formulation: an approach for acceptable level of evidence of an effective novel herbal weight loss product. International journal of nanomedicine. 2018 Jan 9:307-18.
  84. Deleanu M, Toma L, Sanda GM, Barb?lat? T, Niculescu L?, Sima AV, Deleanu C, S?c?rescu L, Suciu A, Alexandru G, Cri?an I. Formulation of Phytosomes with Extracts of Ginger Rhizomes and Rosehips with Improved Bioavailability, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vivo. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 25;15(4):1066.
  85. Karthik R. Phytosomal Formulation of Thuja Occidentalis Extract for the Treatment of Wart (Doctoral dissertation, Periyar College of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Girls, Tiruchirappalli).
  86. Lim AW, Ng PY, Chieng N, Ng SF. Moringa oleifera leaf extract–loaded phytophospholipid complex for potential application as wound dressing. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2019 Dec 1;54:101329.
  87. Kammoun AK, Khedr A, Hegazy MA, Almalki AJ, Hosny KM, Abualsunun WA, Murshid SS, Bakhaidar RB. Formulation, optimization, and nephrotoxicity evaluation of an antifungal in situ nasal gel loaded with voriconazole?clove oil transferosomal nanoparticles. Drug Delivery. 2021 Jan 1;28(1):2229-40.
  88. Varadkar M, Gadgoli C. Preparation and evaluation of wound healing activity of phytosomes of crocetin from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis in rats. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine. 2022 Jul 1;12(4):354-60.
  89. Ghanbarzadeh B, Babazadeh A, Hamishehkar H. Nano-phytosome as a potential food-grade delivery system. Food bioscience. 2016 Sep 1;15:126-35.
  90. Pathan RA, Bhandari U. Preparation & characterization of embelin–phospholipid complex as effective drug delivery tool. Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry. 2011 Feb;69:139-47.
  91. Wanjiru J, Gathirwa J, Sauli E, Swai HS. Formulation, optimization, and evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaf polyphenol-loaded phytosome delivery system against breast cancer cell lines. Molecules. 2022 Jul 11;27(14):4430.
  92. Semalty A. Cyclodextrin and phospholipid complexation in solubility and dissolution enhancement: a critical and meta-analysis. Expert opinion on drug delivery. 2014 Aug 1;11(8):1255-72.
  93. Lu M, Qiu Q, Luo X, Liu X, Sun J, Wang C,
  94. Lin X, Deng Y, Song Y. Phyto-phospholipid complexes (phytosomes): A novel strategy to improve the bioavailability of active constituents. Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2019 May 1;14(3):265-74.
  95. Bhise JJ, Bhusnure OG, Jagtap SR, Gholve SB, Wale RR. Phytosomes: a novel drug delivery for herbal extracts. Journal of drug delivery and therapeutics. 2019 Jun 15;9(3-s):924-30.
  96. Nagar G. Phytosomes: A novel drug delivery for herbal extracts. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2019;4(3):949-59.
  97. Karimi N, Ghanbarzadeh B, Hamishehkar H, KEYVANI F, Pezeshki A, Gholian MM. Phytosome and liposome: the beneficial encapsulation systems in drug delivery and food application

Photo
Ritika M. Revankar
Corresponding author

Student Ashokrao Mane Institute of Pharmacy, Ambap

Photo
Abhishek V. Desai
Co-author

Assistant Professor Ashokrao Mane Institute of Pharmacy, Ambap

Photo
Nilesh B. Chougule
Co-author

Principal Ashokrao Mane Institute of Pharmacy, Ambap

Ritika R. Revankar, Abhishek V. Desai, Nilesh B. Chougule, Development And Characterization Of Phytosome As A Novel Carrier By QbD Approach, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2024, Vol 2, Issue 2, 14-28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10603207

More related articles
Nanobots in Medicine ...
Iranna B. Gulagonda, Dhiraj D. Mane, Sanjay L. Dhavale, Vishal K....
An Approach To Bioanalytical Method Development An...
Sakshi Bhausaheb Tarle , Prof. Smita .S. Aher, Durga.B.Zade, Dr.R...
Role of Nutraceuticals in Cancer Management ...
Sonawane K. Sharwari, Pol Mayuri, Nikam D. Rituja , Deore S. Pri...
View more
The Use Of Azolla Pinnata In Veterinary Nutrition: A Case Study Of Nashik, India...
Siddharth Avinash Kale, Deepali K. Kadam, Dipali V. Jain, Shraddha Kamankar, Shruti Zaware, Swaraj P...
Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis Of Wedelia Trilobata Linn...
Aditya Ubhale, Sakshi Madavi, Vaishanvi Lawane, Shivani Wagh, Pankaj Chaudhary, Prashant Burange, Di...
Niosomes A Novel Drug Delivery System...
Poornima Kala, Vikas Dhawan, ...
View more
Download PDF
Related Articles
UV Visible Spectroscopic And FTIR Analysis of Aanai Nerunjil Kudineer : A Siddha...
Selvamani S., Justus Antony. S, Manoharan. A, ...
Ethics of Abortion and Over the Counter Drugs...
Kruthika. S. G, Krishna R, ...
Development And Validation Of Bosutinib By Using UV –Spectrophotometric Method...
Vardhineedi Shirisha , R.Parasuraman, M.Poojitha, R.Gayathri, P.Mounika , M.Bheemaji, ...
Ayurvedic Remedies of Bacterial Meningitis...
Komal Ushir, Dinesh Rishipathak, Pragati Bhosale, Manisha Raut, ...
Nanobots in Medicine ...
Iranna B. Gulagonda, Dhiraj D. Mane, Sanjay L. Dhavale, Vishal K. Mote, Rahul A. Kedar, ...
More related articles
Nanobots in Medicine ...
Iranna B. Gulagonda, Dhiraj D. Mane, Sanjay L. Dhavale, Vishal K. Mote, Rahul A. Kedar, ...
An Approach To Bioanalytical Method Development And Validation: A Review...
Sakshi Bhausaheb Tarle , Prof. Smita .S. Aher, Durga.B.Zade, Dr.Rishikesh.S. Bachhav, ...
Role of Nutraceuticals in Cancer Management ...
Sonawane K. Sharwari, Pol Mayuri, Nikam D. Rituja , Deore S. Pritam , Gunjal A. Pooja , ...
View more
Nanobots in Medicine ...
Iranna B. Gulagonda, Dhiraj D. Mane, Sanjay L. Dhavale, Vishal K. Mote, Rahul A. Kedar, ...
An Approach To Bioanalytical Method Development And Validation: A Review...
Sakshi Bhausaheb Tarle , Prof. Smita .S. Aher, Durga.B.Zade, Dr.Rishikesh.S. Bachhav, ...
Role of Nutraceuticals in Cancer Management ...
Sonawane K. Sharwari, Pol Mayuri, Nikam D. Rituja , Deore S. Pritam , Gunjal A. Pooja , ...
View more

Copyright © 2023 IJPS. All rights reserved