Studies on Phytochemical Analysis of Leaf & Clove Extract of Allium Sativum

Abstract

The secondary metabolites present in medicinal plants are crucial for curing diseases and are also used as essential raw materials for the production of conventional and modern medicines. Garlic (Allium sativum, L.) is a bulbous annual flowering plant belonging to the family Liliaceae (Juss. 1789). Aqueous, Alcohol and Acetone extracts of garlic leaves and cloves were prepared using a Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical assays were carried out as per the standard protocol for the screening of phytochemical compounds. The phytochemical screening of aqueous, alcohol, and acetone extract showed the presence of glycosides, terpenoids flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, tannins, and flavanol. The alcoholic extract of cloves and leaves exhibited less compounds compared to Aqueous and Acetonic extracts. A review of literature suggests that components present in the extract are medically important and are used as antioxidant, radioprotective, antilipemic, antibiotic, antihypertensive, antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-tumor effects.

Keywords

Introduction

2.2 Preparation of Extract carried out by Soxhlet method.

Fig. 3 PCA: Phytochemical analysis of Aqueous, Alcohol, and Acetone Cloves and Leaves extracts of Allium sativum (Garlic).

A principal component analysis (PCA) helps to reduce data dimentionality and easy visualize complex data. Further, it demonstrate how to characterise under the consideration related to one another and how that related to content separation during phytochemical analysis. Five of the main components (PCs) in this investigation had egenvalues greater than one, the variance seen among two plant parts and different three type solvent under 13 phytochemical parameter. The distribution of the two plant parts sampleunder study is depicted in the biplot (Fig.3) of the first two PCs, where PCs PC1 and PC2 have reported 74.20% and 16.75% variance of the original data, respectively. PC1 and PC2's combined percentage was 90.95%. Assessment of parameter loading was done to look into PC factors¹². Preliminary Phytochemical investigation of Aqueous cloves extract of Allium sativum showed the presence of Glycosides, Flavonoids, Steroids, Phenols, Carbohydrates and Flavanol while in Alcoholic cloves extract of A. sativum showed the presence of Glycosides, Flavonoids, Steroids, Phenols, Terpenoids, Carbohydrates and Flavanol and Phytochemical analysis of Acetonic cloves extract of A. sativum showed the presence of Glycosides, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Terpenoids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Tannins and Flavanol. Among these three solvents Acetonic extract showed the presence of more compounds as compared to Aqueous and Alcoholic extract. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of aqueous leaves extract of A. sativum indicates the presence of Glycosides, Flavonoids, Steroids, Phenols, Terpenoids, Carbohydrates, Flavanol while Alcoholic leaves extract of A. sativum showed the presence of Glycosides, Flavonoids, Steroids, Phenols, Terpenoids, carbohydrates, Proteins, Tannins and Flavanol and   Phytochemical analysis of acetonic leaves extract of A. sativum showed the presence of Glycosides, Flavonoids, Steroids, Phenols, Terpenoids, carbohydrates, Proteins, Tannins and Flavanol. Among these three solvents alcoholic and acetonic extract showed the presence of more compounds as compared to aqueous extract in leaves. From the above result it has been observed that Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of Aqueous, Alcoholic and Acetonic cloves and leaves extract of A. sativum constitute Glycosides, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Terpenoids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Tannins and Flavanol. A similar result were also observed by⁷. Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Methanol and Aqueous extract of Allium sativum contains Alkaloids, phenolics, Flavonoids, Steroids, glycosides and saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids and tannins. Similar observations were also showed by¹³. Aqueous and Ethanol extract of A.sativum and C.longa consists of Saponins, alkaloids, tannin, Flavonoids, glycosides, lipids, ketones and phlobutanin. Various solvent extracts of A. sativum and A.cepa contains glycosides, alkaloids, Saponins, steroids, Flavonoids, phenols, tannins and Terpenoids⁸. Similar phytochemical observations were also noted by¹⁴. that Aqueous and Methanol extract of A. sativum possess anthraquinones, Saponins, triterpenes, Flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and glycosides. Similar findings of phytochemical analysis of water, Ethanol and Acetone extracts of Allium sativum contains Reducing sugar, lipids, flavonoids, ketones, alkaloids, steroids and triterpenes¹⁵.

4. CONCLUSION:

From the above study it has been concluded that the constituents present in extracts of A. sativum are medically important and are used as Antioxidant, Radioprotective, Antilipemic, Antihypertensive, Antiviral, Antimicrobial, Anticancerous, Immunomodulatory, Anti- mutagenic effects and Anti- tumor. The research in this line is in progress in our laboratory.

5. Conflict Of Interest:

No other researchers have shown a conflict of-interest concern with our research.

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

The authors are thankful to Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Research and Training Institute (MAHAJYOTI) for providing a fellowship to Geeta Ramesh Katkar under MJPRF-2022. The authors are also thankful to the Director, Principal Dr. B. T. Jadhav Rayat Institute of Research and Development, Satara for providing facilities to conduct the present research.

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