Review On Brief Study of Herbal Lotions

Abstract

Herbal cosmetics have gained significant importance in recent years due to their better safety profile, cultural acceptance, and therapeutic value. Herbal lotions are topical preparations intended for application to the skin for moisturizing, soothing, and protective purposes. The present research work is aimed at the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal lotion containing extracts of Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica (Neem), Curcuma longa (Turmeric), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi). These medicinal plants are well known for their moisturizing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The herbal lotion was prepared by the oil-in-water emulsion method using almond oil, beeswax, glycerin, and borax as excipients. The formulated lotion was evaluated for organoleptic properties, physicochemical parameters, stability, and skin safety. The developed formulation showed acceptable pH, good spreadability, homogeneity, and stability with no signs of irritation, indicating that it may be a safe and effective herbal cosmetic preparation.

Keywords

Herbal lotion, polyherbal formulation, Aloe vera, neem, turmeric, cosmetic research, skin care.

Introduction

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and serves as the primary protective barrier against physical, chemical, and biological agents. Environmental pollution, ultraviolet radiation, microbial exposure, and lifestyle factors continuously challenge skin health, often leading to dryness, irritation, infections, premature aging, and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, topical preparations such as lotions, creams, and gels play an important role in maintaining skin hydration and protection.     Lotions are semi-liquid emulsified systems intended for external application without friction. Compared to creams and ointments, lotions are lighter, easily spreadable, nongreasy, and cosmetically more acceptable. They are particularly suitable for large body surface areas and for individuals with oily or sensitive skin.     In recent decades, there has been growing global interest in herbal cosmetics due to increasing concerns about the adverse effects of synthetic chemicals such as parabens, phthalates, and artificial fragrances. Herbal products are perceived as safer and more biocompatible because they contain naturally occurring phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds.     Traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani have long emphasized the use of medicinal plants for skin care. Plants like Aloe vera, Neem, Turmeric, and Tulsi have been extensively documented for their dermatological benefits. Combining these herbs in a polyherbal formulation may enhance therapeutic efficacy due to synergistic effects.     The present research focuses on the systematic formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal lotion intended for moisturizing, soothing, and antimicrobial skin care.     The term “Herbal Cosmetics” refers to products that are produced utilizing a variety of Approved cosmetic ingredients as a base, then one or more herbal compounds are added to  Provide specific cosmetic benefits. Lotions keep skin hydrated by retaining moisture, which Keeps the skin smooth and healthy. Liquid preparations called lotions are designed to be  Applied externally without causing friction. They are put directly onto the skin with the aid of A substance that absorbs, like gauze or cotton wool soaked in it. Lotions can be used locally  To provide cooling, calming, or protecting effects.[1] Storage: Keep lotions in a cool, dryLocation in an airtight container that is well-filled and closed

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE    
   1. Herbal cosmetics    

      Herbal cosmetics are formulations that incorporate natural substances derived from plants for beautification and therapeutic purposes. These products provide nutrients, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds that help in protecting the skin, delaying aging, and maintaining normal skin physiology.    

       Several studies have shown that herbal formulations possess better tolerability and fewer side effects compared to synthetic cosmetics. Plant extracts have been reported to improve skin hydration, enhance collagen synthesis, and reduce microbial growth.    

1. 2. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller)    

       Aloe vera is widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products due to its excellent moisturizing and healing properties. It contains polysaccharides, vitamins (A, C, E), enzymes, and amino acids. Aloe vera gel promotes hydration, improves skin elasticity, accelerates wound healing, and reduces inflammation.    

1. 3. Neem (Azadirachta indica)    

      Neem has been described as a “village pharmacy” in India. It contains limonoids, nimbin, nimbidin, and quercetin, which possess antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Neem extract is commonly used in skin preparations for acne, eczema, and microbial infections.    

1. 4. Turmeric (Curcuma longa)    

      Turmeric is a well-known medicinal plant containing curcumin as the principal active compound. Curcumin exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Turmeric has traditionally been used to improve complexion and treat skin disorders.    

1. 5. Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)    

       Tulsi is rich in eugenol, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid. It possesses antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Tulsi extracts are widely incorporated into herbal cosmetics for skin purification and protection.    

1. 6. Herbal lotions    

       Research studies have demonstrated that herbal lotions formulated with Aloe vera, neem, and turmeric exhibit significant moisturizing, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potential. Polyherbal formulations may provide enhanced therapeutic effects compared to single-herb preparations.  

RAW MATERIALS USED

USES OF HERBAL INGREDIENT

Neem

Neem oil contains fatty acids, antioxidants, and antimicrobial compounds, and these can Benefit the skin in a range of ways. Research shows that these compounds may helpfight skin Infections, promote wound healing, and combat signs of skin aging. The stem, root bark, and Fruit are used as a tonicand astringent. Some people apply neem directly to the skin to treat Head lice, skin diseases, wounds, and skin ulcers; as a mosquito repellent; and as a skin Softner

Saffron

It is derived from the flower of crocus sativus. Saffron is a scarlet color thread like pistle,Which is believed to have originated primarily in Greece. Treating tanned skin Meansbrightening the skin by treating the affected areas. Using saffron for skin whitening Helps to brighten the skin and bring out the skin natural radiance. And to treat skin diseasesLike acne. Wound.

Coconut milk

Coconut milk has a high fat content which can have an excellent moisturizing effect whenApplied topically dry skin, and it also acts as a sealant to look in moisture and hydrate. It?sEasily absorbed, smoothest skin cells, and the fats help maintain your skin?s elasticity. It is Ideal moisturizer for the body which makes the skin smooth and textured.[11]

Honey

Honey is a natural antiseptic and anti-inflammatory that helps to heal breakouts of acneand Prevent extra infections. Honey also reduces the redness and swelling of acne. It controlthe Accumulation of dust in the skin pores and absorbs the impurities from the pores It reduces The dryness of skin by providing long-lasting hydration. Honey moisturizes the to players of Skin and helps to reduce wrinkles and fine lines. It use as wound-healing agent.

Almond oil

Almond oil is an emollient that provides hydration, which can help moisturize and smoothSkin. Almond oil is generally safe for sensitive skin because it is non-irritating and Lightweight.• It may act as an antioxidant.• It may have anti-inflammatory action.• It may act as an immunity booster.• It may increase good cholesterol levels.• It may have antibacterial activity.• It may have anti-fungal properties.

MATHOD OF PREPARATION HERBAL LOTION

1.Weigh all the ingredients as per formulation

2Neem extract was taken in separate clean beaker then stirred it till it gets converted into Little bit creamy form

3.Then honey and saffron extract was added and mixed it

4.Then another beaker was taken and in that Almond oil, Lavender oil, Vitamin. Oil from Capsules and Glycerin was addedn

1. Then this oils solution was slowly added in the first one beaker and mixed it thoroughly. 2. After mixing all ingredients rose water and coconut milk was added as per consistency.

4. MATERIALS AND METHODS    

4.1 Materials    

Herbal ingredients    

Aloe vera gel (Aloe barbadensis)    

Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica)    

Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa)    

Tulsi leaves (Ocimum sanctum)    

Excipients    

Almond oil (emollient)    

Beeswax (stiffening agent)    

Borax (emulsifier)    

Glycerin (humectant)    

Vitamin E (antioxidant)  Rose water

(vehicle)    

1. Aloe vera   Synonyms:    

Aloe, Ghritkumari, Kumari, Indian aloe Biological source:    

Fresh or dried mucilaginous pulp and juice obtained from the leaves of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) Family:    

Liliaceae (modern classification: Asphodelaceae) 

 

 

(Fig.1:Aloe  vera)

Morphology:     

Leaves are thick, fleshy, succulent, lanceolate, 30–60 cm long, arranged in a basal rosette.  

Margin bears small sharp spines. Outer surface green, inner gel colorless and mucilaginous.  Odor slight; taste bitter.   Chemical constituents:    

Anthraquinone glycosides (aloin A & B), aloe-emodin, barbaloin, polysaccharides (acemannan), chromones, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, minerals.     Aloe vera is widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products due to its excellent moisturizing and healing properties. It contains polysaccharides, vitamins (A, C, E), enzymes, and amino acids. Aloe vera gel promotes hydration, improves skin elasticity, accelerates wound healing, and reduces inflammation.    

Uses:    

Wound healing, burns, skin moisturizer, anti-inflammatory, laxative (latex), antimicrobial, cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.    

2. Neem  

Synonyms:   

Neem, Margosa tree, Nimba, Indian lilac Biological source:     Fresh or dried leaves, bark, seeds, and flowers of Azadirachta indica A.

Family:Meliaceae                                

Morphology:Leaves are compound, imparipinnate, 20–40 cm long. Leaflets 8–18,   lanceolate, serrated margins, pointed apex, dark green. Odor characteristic; taste very bitter.    

Chemical constituents: Azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbidin, nimbolide, quercetin, gedunin, fatty acids (seed oil).    

Uses:Antimicrobial,  antifungal,   anti-inflammatory,   insecticidal,  blood  purifier,  skin diseases, dental care, antimalarial, wound healing.  

 

 

 

 

1. Curcumin (Turmeric) – Rhizome    Synonyms: 

Turmeric, Haldi, Curcuma    

Biological source:Dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn.    

Family: Zingiberaceae   

 

 

(Fig.3: curcumin rhizome)

Morphology:    

Rhizomes are short, thick, branched, cylindrical or ovate, yellow to orange in color. Outer surface is rough with rings of leaf scars and root marks. Fracture is horny; internal surface bright yellow-orange. Odor aromatic; taste bitter and slightly pungent.    

Chemical constituents:    

Curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin), volatile oils (turmerone, atlantone, zingiberene), resins, starch.    

Uses:    

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, wound healing, skin disorders, digestive aid, coloring agent.    

2. Tulsi – Leaves

Synonyms:    

Holy basil, Sacred basil, Ocimum Biological source:    

Fresh or dried leaves of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Ocimum tenuiflorum)

 Family:Lamiaceae    

 

 

(Fig.4: tulsi leaves)

 

Morphology:    

Leaves are simple, opposite, ovate, 2–5 cm long, margins toothed, apex acute. Surface hairy, green to purplish. Strong aromatic odor, taste pungent and slightly bitter.    

Chemical constituents:    

Eugenol, methyl eugenol, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, linalool, carvacrol, flavonoids, tannins.    

Uses:    

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulator, cough and cold, stress relief, skin and oral care.    

3. Almond Oil Synonyms:    

Sweet almond oil, Oleum amygdalae Biological source:    

Fixed oil obtained from seeds of Prunus amygdalus (sweet almond)  Family:Rosaceae

 

 

(Fig.5: Almond oil)

 Morphology (source):    

Seeds are oval, flattened, brown, with one end pointed. Oil is pale yellow, clear, oily liquid, odorless or faint nutty odor.    

Chemical constituents:    

Oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, tocopherols, phytosterols.    

Uses:     

Emollient, skin softener, hair nourishment, mild laxative, pharmaceutical and cosmetic base.    

4. Beeswax Synonyms:    

Cera flava (yellow beeswax), Cera alba (white beeswax) Biological source:    

Purified wax from honeycombs of Apis mellifera Family:  Apidae (Insecta)    

 

 

(Fig.6; beeswax)

Morphology:    

Solid, yellow to pale white mass, brittle when cold, soft and pliable when warm. Honey-like odor. Fracture granular and dull.    

Chemical constituents:    

Esters of fatty acids and alcohols (myricyl palmitate), hydrocarbons, free fatty acids, cerotic acid.    

Uses:    

Ointment base, thickening agent, protective coating, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, polishes.    

5. Glycerine Synonyms:    

Glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol Biological source:    

Obtained from hydrolysis of fats and oils (vegetable or animal origin) Family:  Not applicable (chemical substance)    

 

 

(Fig: glycerine)

Morphology:    

Clear, colorless, odorless, viscous, sweet-tasting, hygroscopic liquid.    

Chemical constituents:   

Trihydric alcohol (C?H?O?) Uses:    

Humectant, solvent, emollient, sweetening agent, preservative, pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.    

 6. Rose Water Synonyms:    

Aqua rosae, Gulab jal Biological source:    

Distillate of fresh petals of Rosa damascena Mill.    

Family:    Rosaceae        

       

     

 

Morphology:    

Clear, colorless liquid with pleasant rose odor and slightly sweet taste.    

Chemical constituents:Citronellol, geraniol, nerol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, flavonoids, volatile oils.    

Uses:Cooling agent, mild astringent, skin toner, anti-inflammatory, flavoring agent, eye and cosmetic preparations.   

4.2 Method of extraction    

Fresh plant materials were washed, shade dried, and powdered. The powdered drugs were extracted separately using hydro-alcoholic solvent by maceration. The extracts were filtered and concentrated on a water bath. The concentrated extracts were stored in airtight containers until further use.   

5 Benefits of Herbal Lotion

1. Natural moisturizing effect – Herbal lotions hydrate the skin and help maintain the skin’s natural moisture balance.
2. Fewer side effects – Made from plant-based ingredients, they are generally safer and better tolerated than synthetic products.
3. Soothes dry and irritated skin – Herbs like aloe vera and calendula relieve itching, redness, and roughness.
4. Anti-inflammatory action – Many herbal extracts reduce inflammation and swelling in skin conditions.
5. Promotes wound healing – Certain herbs accelerate tissue repair and regeneration.
6. Antioxidant protection – Herbal lotions protect the skin from free radical damage and premature aging.
7. Antimicrobial activity – Natural ingredients help prevent bacterial and fungal skin infections.
8. Improves skin texture and softness – Regular use makes skin smoother, softer, and healthier.
9. Suitable for sensitive skin – Gentle herbal formulations are ideal for people with sensitive or allergy-prone skin.
10. Enhances skin glow naturally – Nourishes the skin and supports a healthy, natural complexion.
11. Cooling and refreshing effect – Herbs like cucumber, mint, and rose provide a calming sensation.
12. Supports long-term skin health – Strengthens the skin barrier and improves overall skin function

6 Advantages of Herbal Lotion

1. Natural ingredients – Prepared from plant-based materials like aloe vera, neem, turmeric, rose water, almond oil, etc.
2. Fewer side effects – Generally safer and gentler than synthetic products when used properly.
3. Good skin compatibility – Usually suitable for sensitive skin and long-term use.
4. Moisturizing and nourishing – Rich in vitamins, antioxidants, fatty acids, and bioactive compounds.
5. Therapeutic benefits – Can show antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound-healing, and soothing effects.
6. Eco-friendly – Biodegradable, renewable sources, and less environmental pollution.
7. Lower risk of toxicity – Compared to petroleum-based or strongly synthetic cosmetics.
8. Cultural and traditional acceptance – Supported by Ayurveda and traditional medicine systems.
9. Multifunctional action – Moisturizer + protective + healing effect in one preparation.
10. Consumer preference – Growing demand for “green” and “clean label” cosmetics.

7. Disadvantages of Herbal Lotion

1. Shorter shelf life – Natural products are more prone to microbial growth and spoilage.
2. Stability issues – Color, odor, and consistency may change over time.
3. Batch-to-batch variation – Active constituents vary depending on plant source and season.
4. Risk of contamination – If not properly preserved, herbal lotions may harbor microbes.
5. Slower action – Effects may be mild and take longer compared to synthetic formulations.
6. Possible allergic reactions – Some users may develop sensitivity to certain herbs.
7. Standardization difficulty – Hard to maintain constant potency and uniform quality.
8. Limited scientific validation – Not all herbal ingredients are supported by strong clinical trials.
9. Lower aesthetic appeal sometimes – May have strong herbal odor or darker color.
10. Higher production cost – Quality herbal extracts and natural preservatives can be expensive.

8. List of Herbal Lotions

1. Aloe vera moisturizing lotion
2. Turmeric herbal lotion
3. Neem antibacterial lotion
4. Tulsi (Holy basil) skin-protective lotion
5. Sandalwood cooling lotion
6. Cucumber soothing lotion
7. Rose water hydrating lotion
8. Calendula healing lotion
9. Lavender calming herbal lotion
10. Tea tree anti-acne lotion
11. Papaya skin-brightening lotion
12. Multani mitti (Fuller’s earth) lotion
13. Almond oil nourishing lotion
14. Coconut milk herbal lotion
15. Saffron complexion-enhancing lotionHerbal baby lotion
16. Herbal foot-care lotion
17. Herbal anti-stretch mark lotion
18. Herbal after-sun lotion
19. Herbal wound-healing lotion
20. Anti-dandruff herbal scalp lotion
21. Herbal fairness/brightening lotion
22. Herbal men’s grooming lotion
23. Herbal aromatherapy lotion

CONCLUSION

Herbal lotions offer a safe and effective alternative to synthetic topical formulations by utilizing the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants. Enriched with natural bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, phenolics, and essential oils, herbal lotions exhibit moisturizing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties that support overall skin health. Their improved biocompatibility and lower risk of adverse effects enhance patient and consumer acceptance. Although traditional use supports their benefits, scientific standardization and clinical validation are essential to ensure consistent quality, safety, and efficacy. Overall, herbal lotions hold significant promise in the development of modern dermatological and cosmeceutical products.

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