Research Paper on Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Blood Thining Tablet

Natural blood thinning tablet also known as anticoagulant tablet that helps to reduce clot that from in blood. heart and blood vessels work hard every day to keep you going. But sometimes, poor circulation or thick blood can increase the risk of clots, which can lead to serious health issues. Our Natural Blood Thinning Tablet is a gentle, plant-based supplement made to support healthy blood flow and keep your circulation running smoothly. Packed with powerful herbs like garlic, ginger, turmeric, and ginkgo biloba, this tablet helps naturally thin the blood and reduce clot formation without the side effects of strong chemical medications. These ingredients have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to support heart health, reduce inflammation, and improve circulation. It’s perfect for anyone looking to support their cardiovascular system, especially if you're sitting for long periods, traveling often, or just want to take proactive care of your heart and blood vessels. Taken daily, it can be a simple and natural part of your wellness routine.

Drugs And Excipients profile:

1. TURMARIC (CURCUMIN ) :

Curcumin possesses notable anticoagulant (blood-thinning) properties, which contribute to its ability to support cardiovascular health. This effect is primarily due to curcumin’s ability to inhibit various factors involved in the coagulation cascade and reduce platelet aggregation

• Scientific name: Curcuma longa
• Common name: Turmeric
• Part used: Rhizome (underground stem)
• Family: Zingiberaceae
• API: CURCUMIN

Major Chemical Constituents:

1.Curcuminoids (2–6%) — These are the principal bioactive compounds:

-Curcumin (77% of total curcuminoids) — bright yellow pigment, the main active compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

-Demethoxycurcumin

-Bisdemethoxycurcumin

2. Volatile oils (3–7%) — Responsible for aroma and some therapeutic effects:

Turmerone (α-turmerone and β-turmerone)

-Zingiberene

-Atlantone

-Sabinene

 3. Other constituents:

-Resins and polysaccharides (e.g., ukonan – has immunomodulatory activity)

-Proteins, sugars, and minerals

-Starch (major carbohydrate component)

Uses:

1. Wound healing – Speeds up tissue repair.
2. Anti-inflammatory – Reduces inflammation (e.g., arthritis).
3. Antioxidant – Fights oxidative stress, slows aging.

2. VITAMIN E:

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin known primarily for its antioxidant properties, but it also plays a role in blood thinning. It acts as a natural anticoagulant by interfering with processes that lead to blood clot formation. One of its key actions is inhibiting platelet aggregation, which means it helps prevent blood cells (platelets) from clumping together to form clots.

 Major Chemical Constituents:

1. Tocopherols: α, β, γ, δ (saturated side chain)
2. Tocotrienols: α, β, γ, δ (unsaturated side chain)

Mechanism of Action:

1. Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation

How it works: Vitamin E reduces the activation and aggregation of platelets by:

Inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC), an enzyme involved in platelet activation.

Reducing the production of thromboxane A2, a compound that promotes platelet clumping and vasoconstriction.

2. Antagonism of Vitamin K Activity (at high doses)

How it works: High doses of Vitamin E can antagonize Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X.

3. Antioxidant Protection of Blood Vessels

How it works: Vitamin E neutralizes free radicals, protecting endothelial cells (lining of blood vessels) from oxidative stress and inflammation.

Benefits of a Vitamin E :

1. Supports heart health by improving blood circulation and reducing clot risk.
2. Combines antioxidant (vitamin E) and natural blood-thinning herbs for synergistic effect.
3. May reduce inflammation and improve vascular function.

Garlic (Allicin)

Allicin, the active compound derived from freshly crushed garlic (Allium sativum), acts as a natural anticoagulant with multiple beneficial effects on the blood and cardiovascular system. Its primary mechanism is the inhibition of platelet aggregation, which helps prevent blood cells from clumping together to form clots

Mechanism Of Action:

1. Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation

Allicin suppresses platelet activation and prevents platelets from clumping together.

This is primarily achieved by inhibiting thromboxane A2 synthesis, a molecule that promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.

By reducing thromboxane levels, allicin helps maintain smoother blood flow and reduces clot formation.

2. Modulation of Arachidonic Acid Pathway

Allicin influences enzymes in the arachidonic acid cascade, which are involved in producing prostaglandins and thromboxanes.

This action contributes to its anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic (anti-clotting) effects.

3. Antioxidant Activity

Allicin’s antioxidant properties protect endothelial cells (lining of blood vessels) from oxidative stress.

Healthy endothelium is crucial in preventing abnormal clot formation.

4. Mild Fibrinolytic Support

Allicin may enhance fibrinolysis—the body’s process of breaking down existing clots—by promoting natural clot-dissolving enzymes.

Benefits of garlic :

1) Cardiovascular Health:

- Blood pressure management: Garlic may help lower blood pressure.

- Cholesterol reduction: Garlic may help reduce cholesterol levels.

2) Immune System:

- Infection prevention: Garlic's antimicrobial properties may help prevent infections.

- Immune system support: Garlic may help support immune function.

3) Antimicrobial Properties:

-Antibacterial effects: Garlic may help combat bacterial infections.

- Antiviral effects: Garlic may help combat viral infections.

4) Other Potential Benefits:

- Antioxidant effects: Garlic may help protect against oxidative stress.

EXCIPIENT:

ACACIA:

Acacia, commonly known as Gum Arabic, is widely used as a natural binder in herbal tablet formulations.  Primarily, it acts as a binder, helping to hold the powdered herbal ingredients together into a cohesive and stable tablet form. It also contributes to the mechanical strength of the tablet, improving hardness.

STARCH POWDER:

Starch is a widely used natural excipient in herbal tablet formulations, valued for its binding, disintegrating, and filler properties. It is typically derived from sources like corn, potato, rice, or tapioca, and is composed mainly of amylose and amylopectin, two polysaccharides that contribute to its functional versatility. In herbal tablets, starch is often used as a binder.

AGAR-AGAR POWDER:

 Agar-agar powder, a natural poly saccharide derived from red algae is occasionally used as a disintegrant in herbal tablet formulations. Known for its gel-forming ability in aqueous environments, agar-agar facilitates the breakdown of tablets once they reach the gastrointestinal tract.

MAGNESIUM STERATE:

Magnesium stearate is a commonly used lubricant in the manufacturing of herbal tablets. It is a fine, white powder composed of magnesium salt of stearic acid, a long-chain fatty acid. Though chemically simple, it plays a critical role in tablet production by reducing friction between the tablet material and the surfaces of processing equipment such as tablet punches and dies.

LACTOSE:

Lactose is a widely used diluent (filler) in herbal tablet formulations. It is a natural disaccharide sugar composed of glucose and galactose, typically derived from milk. In tablet manufacturing, lactose serves to increase the bulk of the formulation when the active herbal ingredients are present in small quantities, ensuring consistent tablet size, weight, and ease of processing.

MANUFACTURING OF TABLET:

In the tablet pressing process, the appropriate amount of active ingredient must be in each tablet. Hence, all the ingredients should be well-mixed. If a sufficiently homogenous mix of the components cannot be obtained with simple blending processes, the ingredients must be granulated prior to compression to assure an even distribution of the active compound in the final tablet. Two basic techniques are used to granulate powders for compression into a tablet: wet granulation and dry granulation.

Method of preparation:

Types of granulations:

• Wet granulation
• Dry granulation

o Wet Granulation

The most widely used process of agglomeration in pharmaceutical industry is wet granulation. Wet granulation process simply involves wet massing of the powder blend with a granulating liquid, wet sizing and drying.

? FORMULATION OF TABLET

Preparation of Granules:

Wet Granulation

Important steps involved in the wet granulation:

1. drug and excipients accurately weighed and dry mixed manually in mortar. except  lubricant and glidant.
2. Drug and excipients were passed through 100# sieve.
3. Wet mass pass through sieve was prepared using mucilage of gum as a binder
4. which was previously prepared in sufficient water using the concentration mentioned in table
5. Mixing of binder solution with powder mixture to form wet mass screens.
6. Wet mass was passed through 20# sieve and obtained granules.

Fig. granulations of wet mass of Tablet

1. Drying of moist granules for 60min at temperature not exceeding 60oC
2. The dried granules were passed through 20# sieve
3. Mixing of screened granules with disintegrant, glidant, and lubricant.

  Final dry granules

Fig. final dry granules

These granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density.

Preparation herbal tablets:

Magnesium stearate and Agar-Agar powder were sieved through a 100# sieve and were first mixed for 30 min. This mixture was added in 20- 40 # Omega 3 fatty acids granules prepared as above, and the mixing was continued for further 5 min. Tablets of 300 mg in weight and 12 mm in diameter were prepared by compression using a single-punch tablet compression machine. Tablets are prepared by forcing particles into close proximity to each other by powder compression, which enables the particles to cohere into a porous, solid specimen of defined geometry. The compression takes place in a die by the action of two punches, the lower and the upper, by which the compressive force is applied. Powder compression is defined as the reduction in volume of a powder owing to the application of a force. Because of the increased proximity of particle surfaces accomplished during compression, bonds are formed between particles which provide coherence to the powder i.e. a compact is formed. Compaction is defined as the formation of a solid specimen of defined geometry by powder compression.

Process of tablet formation can be divided into two stages:

1. Die filling

This is normally accomplished by gravitational flow of the powder from a hopper via the die table into the die. The die is closed at its lower end by the lower punch.

2. Tablet formation

The upper punch descends and enters the die and the powder is compressed until a tablet is formed. During the compression phase, the lower punch can be stationary or can move upwards in the die. After maximum applied force is reached, the upper punch leaves the powder, i.e. the decompression phase. During this phase the lower punch rises until its tip reaches the level of the top of the die. The tablet is subsequently removed from the die table by a pushing device.

fig: final compressed tablet

FORMULATION TABLE OF HERBAL TABLET: