View Article

  • Liquisolid Compacts: A Hybrid Approach to Enhance Drug Delivery

  • Photo Ekta Tiwari * Photo Dr. Velenti Chauhan

  • Bhagwan Mahavir University, BMEF Campus, Nr. Aakash E-space, Bharthana, Surat, 395017.

Abstract

A unique and promising method for oral drug delivery is the Liquisolid technique, particularly useful for medications with limited or low aqueous solubility. This technique is especially effective for creating immediate-release and sustained-release formulations, as well as for highly permeable medications classified under BCS Class II. Currently, around 40 to 50 percent of medications on the market are water-insoluble, presenting challenges for the pharmaceutical industry in enhancing dosage forms' solubility and bioavailability. These challenges are effectively addressed through liquisolid compact technology. The inclusion of non-volatile solvents in the formulation ensures molecular dispersion, enhances medication wettability, and ultimately boosts solubility. This method increases the drug's surface area, improving both its bioavailability and aqueous solubility. To analyze this technique, pre-compression factors such as porosity, Carr's index, flow behavior, powder bed hydrophilicity, and saturation solubility are examined. The quality of the formulation is also monitored by assessing post-compression criteria, including homogeneity, weight variation, hardness, friability, wettability, and disintegration time. This technique incorporates coating materials like silica gel and disintegration agents, as well as carriers such as lactose, flour, and microcrystalline cellulose. The physicochemical properties of the formulation are characterized and evaluated using analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Keywords

liquisolid compact, poorly soluble drug, liquid load factor, BCS class II, bioavailability.

Introduction

The understanding of drug candidates regarding their physicochemical characteristics like crystal structures and salt formation and biological aspects like metabolizing enzymes and transporters had been gathered to a great extent with the emergence of combinatorial chemistry and novel high-throughput screening techniques. There have been many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) manufactured as a consequence. Still, the majority of these drugs remain very lipophilic with poor water-solubility. It is estimated that around 40% of the newly marketed drugs and almost 60% of the designed chemical entities have solubility problems. Thus, improving the solubility and dissolution of these poorly water-soluble drugs, and enhance their bioavailability’s is a concern for many scientists working in the field of pharmaceuticals. (1) The bioavailability of these Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II (BCS II) drugs is frequently restricted by their solubility and the rate of dissolution in the gastrointestinal Tract. Many different strategies have been developed to enhance the poor solubility of certain medications. Micronization, deleting the drug’s form and increasing the more common surface area, does not always work well, especially in hydrophobic drugs that tend to aggregate in the form of tablets or capsules. Also, while solid dispersion does enhance dissolution and has gained much attention recently, few products finishing it like Kaletra® and Gris-PEG® are available due to the topographical and structural instability marks it remains having as its main solid-stateimp. Another well-known approach, soft gel capsules, is too technologically advanced and costly. Other strategies like complexation, microencapsulation, or self-nanoemulsifyingroving ways, as well as solid-lipid-nanoparticles,(2)Have also been researched, but these other poorly soluble drugs, also give too low results.

    1. ADVANTAGES
  • Liquisolid tablets or capsules with pH-independent medication release patterns could be created using the liquisolid technology.
  • It is feasible to formulate prolonged-release liquisolid tablets by employing hydrophobic carriers such as Eudragit® RL and RS.
  • In the liquisolid technology, water-insoluble medications show improved in vivo and in vitro drug release patterns.
  • Process procedures such as nanonization and micronization techniques are not accounted for during the liquisolid approach.
  • Compared to conventional formulations, fewer excipients are needed for the liquisolid system's formulation.
  • The drug's solubilized liquid condition, despite being in a tablet dosage form, improves its wetting characteristics, rate of dissolution, and bioavailability.
  • increased drug surface area when in interaction with the dissolving solvent.(42,43)
    1. DISADVANTAGES
  • Since the liquid medication may be released from the liquisolid compact during the compression process, acceptable compression characteristics might not be achieved, resulting in tablets with poor hardness and insufficient mechanical strength.(44,45)
  • The weight of the tablet increases to more than one gram, making it harder to swallow, if excess carrier is added to create free-flowing powder.
  • Preparing high-dosage lipophilic medications in liquisolid tablet form is challenging.(46)
  1. Liquisolid Compact

The liquisolid technique is an innovative and effective approach for modifying the dissolution rates of water-insoluble medications. Introduced by Spires, this concept of drug delivery can enhance the dissolution rate of these challenging substances. Often referred to as “powdered solution technology,” it is utilized to convert water-insoluble drugs into solid dosage forms that release quickly. This process involves transforming a liquid into a dry powder that flows easily and can be compressed, achieved through the physical blending with specific carrier and coating materials.(5,6)

    • Drug Dissolution in Liquid Vehicle: The drug is first dissolved in a non-volatile liquid vehicle (e.g., PEG, glycerin, propylene glycol).(7)
    • Incorporation into Carrier Material: The liquid drug solution is introduced to a carrier material with a porous surface and matted fiber interior, like microcrystalline cellulose or starch.(6,7)
      • Absorption: The liquid enters the interior of the porous carrier and binds to its internal surface.
      • Adsorption: Once the carrier is saturated, additional liquid adheres to both the internal and external surfaces of the particle
    • Addition of Coating Material: A highly adsorptive, high-surface-area excipient (e.g., colloidal silica) is used to coat the particles. This enhances flow properties and ensures the powder behaves more like a dry system, making it easier to process into tablets or capsules.(6)

This method effectively converts a liquid drug solution into a free-flowing, dry-looking powder, which can improve the solubility, wettability, and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.(6,8)

FIG 3.1; Formulation of liquisolid compact.(7)

Theories Of Liquisolid Compact

In the formulation of liquisolid systems, the precise quantities of powder excipients are determined using a mathematical model developed by Spireas. This model relies on the flowable liquid retention potential (Φ-value) and the compressible liquid retention potential (Ψ-number), which are specific constants for each powder-liquid combination.(9–11)

  • Ψ-number: This parameter defines the maximum amount of non-volatile liquid that a powder can retain within its bulk while maintaining acceptable compatibility, resulting in compacts of sufficient hardness during compression. It is measured by determining the maximum crushing strength of a one-gram tablet compacted under sufficiently high compression forces.(12)
  • Φ-value: This parameter represents the maximum amount of a specific non-volatile liquid that can be retained within the bulk of a powder while preserving acceptable flowability.(12)

By utilizing these parameters, formulators can accurately calculate the necessary amounts of carrier and coating materials to achieve optimal flow and compression characteristics in liquisolid compact formulations. In the formulation of liquisolid systems, the liquid load factor (Lf) that ensures acceptable flowability (ΦLf) is determined by the equation:(13)

Lf=Φ+φ(1R)

 

Where:

  • Φ: Flowable liquid retention potential of the carrier material.
  • φ: Flowable liquid retention potential of the coating material.
  • R: Ratio of the weights of the carrier (Q) to the coating (q) materials in the formulation, defined as

R=Qq

 

This equation allows for the calculation of the maximum amount of liquid that can be incorporated into the liquisolid system while maintaining acceptable flowability. To achieve an acceptably flowing and compressible liquisolid system, the maximum liquid load on the carrier material mustn't exceed the value determined by the liquid load factor (Lf). This ensures that the formulation possesses the desired flow and compression properties necessary for effective processing and performance.(14) To quantitatively determine the necessary amounts of carrier (Q?) and coating (q?) materials required to convert a liquid formulation (W) into a powder with acceptable flowability and direct compressibility, the following equations are employed:(14)

Q0 = WL0

 

q0?=Q0R

 

Here, L0 represents the liquid load factor, which is the maximum amount of liquid that can be incorporated per unit weight of the carrier material while still ensuring proper flow and compressibility. The parameter RRR is defined as the ratio of the weight of the carrier (Q) to that of the coating (q) material in the formulation. This mathematical approach facilitates the precise optimization of excipient proportions to achieve a liquisolid system with the desired processing and performance characteristics.

Table 2.1: Different Φ and φ values for different pharmaceutical excipients(15)

 

Sr No.

Pharmaceutical Excipients

Φ Value

Φ Value

 

 

propylene glycol

PEG 400

propylene glycol

PEG 400
  1.  

Avicel PH102

0.16

0.005

0.224

0.242
  1.  

Avicel PH200

0.26

0.02

0.209

0.232
  1.  

Cab-o-Sil M5 with Avicel PH102

3.31

3.26

0.560

0.653
  1.  

Cab-o-Sil M5 with Avicel PH200

2.56

2.44

0.712

0.717

Classification Of Liquisolid Compact

Liquisolid dosage is classified mainly on the following basis:

Based on the type of liquid medication

The first two may be produced from the conversion of drug solutions (e.g. prednisolone solution in propylene glycol) or drug suspensions (e.g. gemfibrozil suspension in Polysorbate 80), and the latter from the formulation of liquid drugs (e.g. clofibrate, valproic acid, liquid vitamins, etc.), into liquisolid systems.(15,16)

  1. Based on the formulation technique used

Liquisolid compacts are prepared using the previously outlined method to produce tablets or capsules, whereas the liquisolid microsystems are based on a new concept to produce an acceptably flowing admixture for encapsulations.(16,17)

  1. Components Of Liquisolid Dosage Form
    1. Drug Candidate

Pharmaceutical compounds exhibiting aqueous solubilities below 0.1 mg/mL encounter significant solubilization challenges, while even those with solubilities under 10 mg/mL frequently manifest formulation difficulties due to suboptimal solubilization. It should be of BSC class II and IV. It should be lipophilic for example.(18)

• Digoxin – Cardiac glycoside

• Nifedipine – Anti-hypertensive

• Clofibrate - Antihyperlipidemic

• Nevirapine – Anti-viral

• Carbamazepine – Anti-epileptic

• Ibuprofen - NSAID

• Hydrochlorothiazide – Diuretics

• Lovastatin – hypertriglyceride

• Ivermectin – Anti-parasiytr

• Griseofuluvin – Anti-fungal

• Budesonide – Anti-asthmatic

• Praziquantel – Anti-helmented

• Trimethoprim – Antibiotic

4.2 Non-Volatile Solvent

In liquisolid systems, the selection of non-volatile solvents is crucial. These solvents should be safe for oral administration, water-miscible, chemically inert, and possess low viscosity. Non-volatile solvents act as wetting agents, enhancing the wettability of the drug particles. This improved wettability reduces the interfacial tension between the drug and dissolution medium, leading to a decrease in contact angle and an increase in the effective surface area of the drug. Consequently, the drug's dissolution rate is enhanced, facilitating better solubilization. (19,20)

Table 4.2.1: Types Of Non-Volatile Solvents Are Employed in Liquisolid Systems

S. No.

Non-volatile solvent

HLB value
  1.  

Propylene glycol

2.5
  1.  

Polyethylene glycol 200 monostearate

8
  1.  

Polyethylene glycol 400 monostearate

11.5
  1.  

Polysorbate 80

15
  1.  

CapryolTM 90

5

4.3. Carrier

Carrier materials should exhibit porosity and robust absorption characteristics that facilitate effective liquid uptake. Both carrier and coating substances are capable of incorporating only limited quantities of liquid while preserving acceptable flow and compression properties; thus, an elevation in the moisture content of the carrier can adversely affect powder flowability. In liquisolid systems, carriers must possess a porous surface coupled with a high capacity for liquid absorption. The pivotal attributes of these carriers include their specific surface area and liquid absorption capacity, enabling them to integrate substantial amounts of liquid within their matrix.(21)

Table 4.3.1: Types of carrier material employed in liquisolid system

S. No.

Carrier material

Specific surface area [m2/g]
  1.  

Microcrystalline cellulose

1.18
  1.  

Lactose

0.35
  1.  

Sorbitol

0.37
  1.  

Starch

0.6
  1.  

Fujicalin

40
  1.  

neusilin

300

4.4. Coating Material

In liquisolid systems, the coating material must consist of fine particles (ranging from 0.01 to 5 µm in diameter) with high adsorptive capacity. These characteristics enable the coating material to effectively envelop the wet carrier particles and adsorb excess liquid, thereby yielding a dry-appearing powder. Moreover, the coating material plays a critical role in ensuring complete surface coverage and preserving the overall flowability of the powder blend.(22)

Table 4.4.1: Types of coating material employed in liquisolid systems

 

S. NO.

Coating material

Composition

Specific surface area [m2/g]
  1.  

Cab-O-Sil® M5-P

Untreated fumed silica

220
  1.  

Syloid ®

Amorphous silicon dioxide

312
  1.  

Aerosil®200

Hydrophilic fumed silica

200
  1.  

Neusilin®

Amorphous aluminomagnesium metasilicate

44-250

Additives

The disintegration process of solid dosage forms significantly impacts drug release. Sodium starch glycolate is the most commonly utilized disintegrant in the formulation of liquisolid tablets. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) serves as another advantageous additive due to its ability to incorporate a substantial amount of drug into liquisolid systems while reducing the overall tablet weight. Additionally, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is employed as a release-modifying agent, often functioning to prolong drug release from liquisolid tablets. (23)

  1. Method Of Preparation

A fixed quantity of carrier material—optimally porous with adequate absorption capacity—is blended with an accurately measured volume of the prepared drug solution, suspension, or liquid formulation. This wetted mixture is subsequently combined with a precisely determined amount of coating material and mixed to yield a dry, non-adherent, free-flowing, and readily compressible powder. Excipients composed of fine, highly adsorptive particles are particularly effective in this process. Finally, liquisolid compacts are produced by incorporating various adjuvants, such as lubricants and super disintegrants, into the final liquisolid formulation prior to compression or encapsulation.(24)

Figure 5.1: Method of preparation of liquisolid compact

  1. Mechanism Of Action

Three main mechanisms are involved in enhancement of drug release from the liquisolid system are as follows.

    1. Enhanced drug surface area

The amount of surface area of the drug that can be delivered from a liquisolid system is significantly larger than that of the drug particles that are directly compressed. Tablets since the medication in the liquisolid system fully dissolves in the liquid medium and remains solubilized and molecularly disseminated in the powder substrate.  As a result, the solubility limit improves with increasing drug content, increasing the percentage of medication that remains undissolved in the liquid vehicle and lowering the release rate. The fraction of the drug that is molecularly dispersed (FM) in the liquid-solid formulation directly correlates with the drug's release rate. Spireas defined FM as the ratio of the drug's actual concentration (Cd) in the liquid vehicle to its solubility (Sd).(25)

FM = Sd⁄Cd

Where FM = 1 Sd ≥ Cd

    1. Enhanced Increased aqueous solubility of the drug

The liquisolid technique can enhance the drug's solubility. In order to enhance the drug's overall solubility in the aqueous dissolution medium, a liquisolid compact's tiny quantity of liquid vehicle is insufficient. A modest amount of liquid vehicle is enough to improve the poorly water-soluble drug's aqueous solubility if it functions as a co-solvent in a liquisolid system.(25)

    1. Enhanced wettability

By diminishing the interfacial tension between the tablet surface and the dissolution medium, the non-volatile solvent in the liquisolid system promotes drug particle wetting. As a result, the liquisolid system's contact angle is reduced in comparison to the conventional formulation, improving wettability. (25)

  1. Evaluation
    1.  Pre-Formulation

The flow behavior of liquisolid formulations is an important consideration in the development of solid dosage forms. As a result, evaluating the flow parameters of liquisolid powder mixes before compression is critical. This assessment can be carried out utilizing the following metrics

7.1.1. Angle Of Repose

The angle of repose is an important measure used to assess the flow parameters of the liquisolid powder combination prior to compression into tablets. Because liquisolid systems consist of liquid-loaded carriers and coatings, liquid quantity, excipient selection, and particle size all have a substantial impact on flowability.(24,26) The following calculation was used to determine the angle of repose (????):

tan θ = h/r

Where,

θ = angle of repose,

h = Height of the heap,

r = Radius of the heap.

7.1.2. Carr’s Compressibility Index

The main objective of Carr's compressibility index techniques is to ascertain the dry mixture's index of compressibility.

Carr's compressibility index may be computed using the formula below:(27)

Carr’s index = tap density-bulk density

/ tap density X 100

7.2.3. Hausner’s Ratio

An essential characteristic for figuring out the flow characteristics of powders and granules is Hausner's ratio. The following formula can be used to compute this:(28)

Hausner’s ratio = Tapped density/Bulk density.

7.3.4. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

FTIR analysis illustrates chemical interactions between the drug and excipients used in the formulation. The presence of peaks in a medication formulation without any extra peaks suggests no chemical interaction. (29)

      1. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

The crystalline properties of a liquisolid compact combination are ascertained using XRD investigations. It is noted that in the liquisolid formulation, distinctive peaks vanish while additional carrier peaks remain. It shows that the medication changed into a stable or amorphous form.(30,31)

      1. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is used to determine how the excipients used in the preparation interact with one another. This can also be a sign of the stability studies' effectiveness. The medication is disseminated molecularly inside the system once it is in the form of a solution in a liquisolid formulation, as indicated by the total disappearance of distinctive peaks.(32)

    1.  Post Compression Evaluation
      1.  Tablet Hardness

Tablets are difficult to break during regular mobility and decompose appropriately after use. The mechanical strength is measured with it. The hardness of liquefied compact is measured using a Monsanto hardness tester and is expressed as kg/cm2.(33).

      1. Friability

Since some extremely hard compressed tablets lose their cap section when they are abrasively damaged, hardness alone is insufficient to assess a tablet's strength. Friability is therefore the way to gauge the strength of the tablets. The friabilator is the device used to test a tablet's friability. After being weighed and placed in the friabilator, 20 tablets were allowed to revolve as per requirement. The tablets were taken out and weighed once again following the conclusion of the revolutions.(33,34)

      1. Weight Variation Test

The weight variation test is employed to determine if each tablet contains the appropriate dosage of medication. According to the IP 2022 guidelines, twenty tablets are randomly chosen and weighed. The average weight of these tablets is then calculated, ensuring that the weight of no more than two tablets differs from the average by more than 5%.(35–37)

      1. In Vitro Disintegration Studies

A disintegration apparatus is used to measure a tablet's in-vitro disintegration time in compliance with Indian Pharmacopoeia (I.P.) specifications. A single tablet is put into each of the disintegration baskets' six tubes per the I.P. requirements. To provide consistent testing conditions, a perforated disc is inserted into every tube. In order to replicate gastrointestinal conditions, the device is run in a 1.2 pH buffer solution and kept at 37°C ± 2°C. Until the tablet disintegrates completely, the basket assembly experiences vertical oscillations at a frequency of 30 cycles per minute, which guarantees constant mechanical stress.(38)

      1. In-Vitro Dissolution Studies

Using 900 mL of dissolved media, a dissolution study was carried out over an hour using the USP Type 2 (paddle) method. The temperature was kept at 37?±?0.5 °C, and the device was adjusted to the necessary rotating speed. To keep the total volume constant, a 10 mL aliquot of the dissolution medium was taken out at prearranged intervals and replaced right away with an equivalent volume of fresh medium. A UV/Vis spectrophotometer was then used to evaluate the samples that had been collected.(39–42)

      1. Stability Study

The purpose of the stability research is to determine the items' shelf life. The amount of time needed to lower the reactant concentration to 90% of its starting concentration is known as shelf life. The impact of storage on the drug release profile and the crushing strength of liquisolid compacts were examined in order to gather data on the stability of liquisolid systems. The hardness and drug release profile of liquisolid compacts may not be impacted by storage under various conditions, according to stability studies of liquisolid systems. This suggests that the technology is a viable method for increasing the release rate without causing issues with physical stability.(43)

  1. Application
  • To improve the bioavailability of immediate-release formulations and enable prolonged medication release, liquisolid technology has been investigated. A binder or matrix-forming ingredient, like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), is added to a traditional liquisolid formulation using this method. Several strategies have been studied to increase the solubility of highly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), such as the use of hydrophobic carriers such as Eudragit® RL or RS and the addition of polysorbate 80 as a solvent.(47)
  • Soft gelatin capsules have traditionally been utilized for administering liquid or poorly soluble medications; nevertheless, they have drawbacks, including high production costs, stability problems, and incompatibilities with gelatin. By integrating the liquid medication into a solid, powder-based system while preserving its solubilized condition and bioavailability, the liquisolid technology offers a solid dosage substitute. For lipophilic medications including atorvastatin, curcumin, and fenofibrate, this method has been effectively used and provides a useful substitute for liquid-filled capsules. (48)
  • Several drugs have very pH-dependent solubility, which causes varying absorption in various gastrointestinal tract segments.
    By employing non-volatile solvents that preserve medication solubility over a wide pH range and guarantee uniform dissolution profiles in intestinal and gastric fluids, the liquisolid compact approach overcomes this difficulty.
    For instance, when made using liquisolid technology, loratadine, and telmisartan, which have pH-dependent solubility, have demonstrated enhanced pH-independent release.(8,49)
  • In pharmaceutical formulations, photostability is a crucial consideration, especially for medications that are prone to deterioration when exposed to light. Reduced potency, the production of degradation products, and even a loss of therapeutic efficacy are all possible outcomes of light-induced degradation. By adding photoprotective excipients that prevent the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from degrading due to light, the liquisolid compact technology provides a practical way to increase the photostability of such medications.(47,48,50)

CONCLUSION

To sum up, liquisolid compacts are a robust and innovative hybrid strategy for improving drug administration, especially for medications that are not highly soluble in water. The numerous advantages of liquisolid systems, such as better dissolving profiles, increased bioavailability, and the possibility of regulated release, have been emphasized in this review. A special platform that gets around the drawbacks of standard techniques is made possible by the combination of liquid medication formulations and conventional solid dosage form technology. Liquisolid compacts' hybrid nature provides major industrial benefits in terms of scalability and formulation flexibility in addition to making it easier to transform liquid pharmaceuticals into free-flowing, compressible powders. Developments in this area have broadened the variety of applications, from formulations with instant release to those with sustained release, showcasing the technique's adaptability and versatility. Future research into novel carriers, coating materials, and solvent systems is expected to improve and optimize liquisolid formulations. Furthermore, further investigation of process parameters and in vivo performance will be required to fully realize the therapeutic potential of this technology. Finally, liquisolid compacts show promise as a critical tool in the creation of next-generation drug delivery systems, opening the door to safer, more effective, and patient-friendly pharmacological therapies.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely express my gratitude to Bhagwan Mahavir College Of Pharmacy for providing the necessary resources and support for this review article. I extend my heartfelt thanks to the esteemed Dean, for their encouragement and guidance. I also appreciate the invaluable assistance and insights from the faculty members whose expertise and support have greatly contributed to the completion of this work.

Conflict Of Interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this review article.

Funding Statement

The authors declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this review article.

REFERENCES

        1. Chella N, Shastri N, Tadikonda RR. Use of the liquisolid compact technique for improvement of the dissolution rate of valsartan. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2012;2(5):502–8.
        2. Pawar JD, Jagtap RS, Doijad RC, Pol S V, Desai JR, Jadhav V V, et al. Liquisolid Compacts: A Promising Approach For Solubility Enhancement. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2017 Jul 15;7(4).
        3. Burra S, Yamsani M, Vobalaboina V. The Liquisolid technique: an overview. Vol. 47, Article Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011.
        4. Kavitha K, Lova Raju KNS, Ganesh NS, Ramesh B. Effect of dissolution rate by liquisolid compact approach: An overview. Available from: www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com
        5. Reddy RB, Malleswari K, Diwakar HG, Kadhar Basha D, Abhi KJ. A Review On Liquisolid Technology To Enhance Drug Dissolution. International Journal of Pharmacognosy [Internet]. 2024;11(8):406–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.IJP.11
        6. Upadhyay U. A Review on Liquisolid Compact Technique. 2024; Available from: www.ijprajournal.com
        7. Patel BB, Shah CN. Recent research on liquisolid technology for solubility enhancement-A review. Available from: http://ssjournals.com/index.php/ijap
        8. Effiong DE, Onunkwo GC. Principles, Applications and Limitations of the Liquisolid System of Drug Delivery: A Review. Trends in Medical Research. 2024 Jun 8;19(1):178–98.
        9. Dias RJ, Mali KK, Ghorpade VS, Havaldar VD, Mohite VR. Formulation and evaluation of carbamazepine liquisolid compacts using novel carriers. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 2017 Apr 1;51(2):S69–78.
        10. Yadav VB, Yadav A V. Improvement of Solubility and Dissolution of Indomethacin by Liquisolid and Compaction Granulation Technique. Vol. 1, J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. 2009.
        11. Spireas S, Sadu S. Enhancement of prednisolone dissolution properties using liquisolid compacts. Int J Pharm. 1998 May 18;166(2):177–88.
        12. Kumar Nagabandi V, Pharm IJ, Sci B, Ramarao T, Jayaveera KN. eISSN: 2230-7605) www.ijpbs.com IJPBS |Volume 1| Issue 3 |JULY-SEPT |2011|89-102 [Internet]. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. Available from: www.ijpbs.com
        13. Jassimp ZE. Formulation and evaluation of furosemide liquisolid compact. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. 2017 Oct 1;9(6):39–48.
        14. Andrew EC, Chidera AC, Wisdom of God US, Ekemezie OJ, Pauline ON, Grace EA, et al. Formulation and in Vitro Evaluation of Liquisolid Compact of Celecoxib. Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science [Internet]. 2024 Sep 30;8(2). Available from: https://www.mathewsopenaccess.com/full-text/formulation-and-in-vitro-evaluation-of-liquisolid-compact-of-celecoxib
        15. Kaur M, Bala R, Arora S. L LI IQ QU UI IS SO OL LI ID D T TE EC CH HN NO OL LO OG GY Y:?: A A R RE EV VI IE EW W. An International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. 4:1. Available from: www.pharmanest.net
        16. Pathak A, Goyal R, Agrawal P, Rajput S, Tiwari G, Shivhare R. A REVIEW ON LIQUISOLID TECHNOLOGY [Internet]. Vol. 1, World Journal of Pharmaceutical research. Available from: www.wjpr.net
        17. Tiwari N, Chopra H, Sagar M, Sharma AK. A Review on Self Emulsified Drug Delivery System: A Promising Approach for Drug Delivery of BCS Class II and IV Drugs. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2016 Dec 1;15(4):181.
        18. Anil A, Thomas L, Sudheer P. Liquisolid Compacts: An Innovative Approach for Dissolution Enhancement. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2018 Jun 1;10(6):11.
        19. Bonthagarala B, Dharani P, Sai L, Sivaiah KV, Anil Kumar G, Rao BN, et al. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research Enhancement of dissolution rate of clofibrate (BCS Class-II drug) by using liquisolid compact technology. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research [Internet]. 2015;6(03):6. Available from: www.ssjournals.com
        20. Liquisolid_Compact_A_New_Technique_for_E.
        21. Rokade M, Khandagale P, Phadtare D. Liquisolid Compact Techniques: A Review. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2018 Jul 16;10(4):1.
        22. Kulkarni AS, Aloorkar NH, Mane MS, Gaja JB. Liquisolid Systems: A Review.
        23. Khaled KA, Asiri YA, El-Sayed YM. In vivo evaluation of hydrochlorothiazide liquisolid tablets in beagle dogs. Int J Pharm. 2001 Jul 3;222(1):1–6.
        24. Rupavatiya U, Chauhan MV. Characterization and Optimization of Liquisolid Compact for Enhancement of Dissolution rate and Solubility of Bilastine. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications [Internet]. 9:1365. Available from: www.ijprajournal.co
        25. Panda S, Varaprasad R, Priyanka K, Swain RP. Liquisolid technique: A novel approach for dosage form design. Vol. 9, International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd; 2017. p. 8–14.
        26. Yadav VB, Yadav A V. Improvement of Solubility and Dissolution of Indomethacin by Liquisolid and Compaction Granulation Technique. Vol. 1, J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. 2009.
        27. Kaur A, Verma S, Paramesh DB, Mahammad N. Development and Characterization of Liquisolid Compact to Improve Dissolution of an Antihypertensive Drug. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 2024 Oct 4;58(4):1198–204.
        28. Kaur M, Bala R, Arora S. L LI IQ QU UI IS SO OL LI ID D T TE EC CH HN NO OL LO OG GY Y:?: A A R RE EV VI IE EW W. An International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. 4:1. Available from: www.pharmanest.net
        29. Raghavendra Gubbi S, Jarag R. Formulation and characterization of atorvastatin calcium liquisolid compacts. Vol. 5, Atorvastatin calcium liquisolid compacts/Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010.
        30. Kavitha K, Lova Raju KNS, Ganesh NS, Ramesh B. Effect of dissolution rate by liquisolid compact approach: An overview. Available from: www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com
        31. Dharani Lakshmi Sai P, Venkata Sivaiah K, Bonthagarala B, Venkateswara Rao P. Review on Liquisolid Compact Technology [Internet]. Vol. 4, Pusuluri et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015. Available from: www.wjpr.net
        32. Rajdeo P, Sukhia A, Nirware A, Rajdeo R, Student U. Liquisolid Technique: A Novel Approach to Enhance Solubility of Poorly Soluble Drugs. International Journal of Science and Research [Internet]. 2018; Available from: www.ijsr.net
        33. Patil P, Tekade B, Kale M. Liquisolid Compacts: A Paradigm in Drug Delivery System [Internet]. Int. J. Sci. R. Tech. 2025. Available from: www.ijsrtjournal.com
        34. Kalamkar P, Pawar K, Baddi H, Thawkar B, Yevale R, Kale M, et al. Issue:3 Citation: Priyanka Kalamkar et al. Ijppr [Internet]. Vol. 6, Human. 2016. Available from: www.ijppr.humanjournals.com
        35. Jahangir MA. Development And Evaluation of Liquisolid Compacts of Finasteride. Article in World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2017; Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321704028
        36. Kumar Sahoo P, Dash S, Sahoo AC, Mishra B. Dissolution Enhancement of Prednisolone using Liquisolid Compacts.
        37. P KN, T SM, H SD, K SP. A Review On Liquisolid Systems. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics [Internet]. 2011;2014(3):25. Available from: http://jddtonline.info
        38. Tiwari D, Sharma V, Soni SL. Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Oxcarbazepine Liquisolid Compacts. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2021 Feb 13;9(1):71–7.
        39. Gowree Manogar P, Vedha Hari B, Ramya Devi D. Emerging Liquisolid Compact Technology for Solubility Enhancement of BCS Class-II Drug.
        40. Spireas S, Sadu S, Grover R. AAAIn Vitro Release Evaluation of Hydrocortisone Liquisolid Tablets. J Pharm Sci. 1998 Jul 1;87(7):867–72.
        41. Kapsi SG, Ayres JW. Processing factors in development of solid solution formulation of itraconazole for enhancement of drug dissolution and bioavailability. Int J Pharm. 2001 Oct 28;229(1–2):193–203.
        42. Naureen F, Shah Y, Shah SI, Abbas M, Rehman IU, Muhammad S, et al. Formulation Development of Mirtazapine Liquisolid Compacts: Optimization Using Central Composite Design. Molecules. 2022 Jul 1;27(13).
        43. Venkateswarlu K, Preethi JK, Chandrasekhar KB. Enhancement of loperamide dissolution rate by liquisolid compact technique. Adv Pharm Bull. 2016;6(3):385–90.
        44. Gowree Manogar P, Vedha Hari B, Ramya Devi D. Emerging Liquisolid Compact Technology for Solubility Enhancement of BCS Class-II Drug.
        45. Dharani Lakshmi Sai P, Venkata Sivaiah K, Bonthagarala B, Venkateswara Rao P. Review on Liquisolid Compact Technology [Internet]. Vol. 4, Pusuluri et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015. Available from: www.wjpr.net
        46. Deshmukh AS, Mahale VG, Mahajan VR. Liquisolid Compact Techniques: A Review [Internet]. Vol. 6, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. Available from: www.anvpublication.org0975-4377
        47. Gorde N, Kale M, Waghulde S, Naik P. Liquisolid Compact: A Novel Approach To Enhance Solubility And Dissolution Rate [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ijcpa.in
        48. Wang D, Xing H, Jiang J, Chen X, Yang T, Wang D, et al. Liquisolid technique and its applications in pharmaceutics. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2017 Mar 1;12(2):115–23.
        49. Wu CY, & BLZ (2005). Wu, C. Predicting drug disposition via application of BCS: transport/absorption/ elimination interplay and development of a biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system. Pharm Res. 2005;(22(1)):11–23.
        50. Thakur N, Khokra SL, Sharma D, Singh Thakur N, Purohit R, Arya V. A Review On Pharmaceutical Applications Of Liquisolid Technique. A Review on Pharmaceutical Applications of Liquisolid Technique American Journal of PharmTech Research [Internet]. 2011;1(3):1–18. Available from: http://www.ajptr.com/www.ajptr.com

Reference

  1. Chella N, Shastri N, Tadikonda RR. Use of the liquisolid compact technique for improvement of the dissolution rate of valsartan. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2012;2(5):502–8.
  2. Pawar JD, Jagtap RS, Doijad RC, Pol S V, Desai JR, Jadhav V V, et al. Liquisolid Compacts: A Promising Approach For Solubility Enhancement. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2017 Jul 15;7(4).
  3. Burra S, Yamsani M, Vobalaboina V. The Liquisolid technique: an overview. Vol. 47, Article Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011.
  4. Kavitha K, Lova Raju KNS, Ganesh NS, Ramesh B. Effect of dissolution rate by liquisolid compact approach: An overview. Available from: www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com
  5. Reddy RB, Malleswari K, Diwakar HG, Kadhar Basha D, Abhi KJ. A Review On Liquisolid Technology To Enhance Drug Dissolution. International Journal of Pharmacognosy [Internet]. 2024;11(8):406–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.IJP.11
  6. Upadhyay U. A Review on Liquisolid Compact Technique. 2024; Available from: www.ijprajournal.com
  7. Patel BB, Shah CN. Recent research on liquisolid technology for solubility enhancement-A review. Available from: http://ssjournals.com/index.php/ijap
  8. Effiong DE, Onunkwo GC. Principles, Applications and Limitations of the Liquisolid System of Drug Delivery: A Review. Trends in Medical Research. 2024 Jun 8;19(1):178–98.
  9. Dias RJ, Mali KK, Ghorpade VS, Havaldar VD, Mohite VR. Formulation and evaluation of carbamazepine liquisolid compacts using novel carriers. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 2017 Apr 1;51(2):S69–78.
  10. Yadav VB, Yadav A V. Improvement of Solubility and Dissolution of Indomethacin by Liquisolid and Compaction Granulation Technique. Vol. 1, J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. 2009.
  11. Spireas S, Sadu S. Enhancement of prednisolone dissolution properties using liquisolid compacts. Int J Pharm. 1998 May 18;166(2):177–88.
  12. Kumar Nagabandi V, Pharm IJ, Sci B, Ramarao T, Jayaveera KN. eISSN: 2230-7605) www.ijpbs.com IJPBS |Volume 1| Issue 3 |JULY-SEPT |2011|89-102 [Internet]. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. Available from: www.ijpbs.com
  13. Jassimp ZE. Formulation and evaluation of furosemide liquisolid compact. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. 2017 Oct 1;9(6):39–48.
  14. Andrew EC, Chidera AC, Wisdom of God US, Ekemezie OJ, Pauline ON, Grace EA, et al. Formulation and in Vitro Evaluation of Liquisolid Compact of Celecoxib. Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science [Internet]. 2024 Sep 30;8(2). Available from: https://www.mathewsopenaccess.com/full-text/formulation-and-in-vitro-evaluation-of-liquisolid-compact-of-celecoxib
  15. Kaur M, Bala R, Arora S. L LI IQ QU UI IS SO OL LI ID D T TE EC CH HN NO OL LO OG GY Y:?: A A R RE EV VI IE EW W. An International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. 4:1. Available from: www.pharmanest.net
  16. Pathak A, Goyal R, Agrawal P, Rajput S, Tiwari G, Shivhare R. A REVIEW ON LIQUISOLID TECHNOLOGY [Internet]. Vol. 1, World Journal of Pharmaceutical research. Available from: www.wjpr.net
  17. Tiwari N, Chopra H, Sagar M, Sharma AK. A Review on Self Emulsified Drug Delivery System: A Promising Approach for Drug Delivery of BCS Class II and IV Drugs. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2016 Dec 1;15(4):181.
  18. Anil A, Thomas L, Sudheer P. Liquisolid Compacts: An Innovative Approach for Dissolution Enhancement. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2018 Jun 1;10(6):11.
  19. Bonthagarala B, Dharani P, Sai L, Sivaiah KV, Anil Kumar G, Rao BN, et al. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research Enhancement of dissolution rate of clofibrate (BCS Class-II drug) by using liquisolid compact technology. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research [Internet]. 2015;6(03):6. Available from: www.ssjournals.com
  20. Liquisolid_Compact_A_New_Technique_for_E.
  21. Rokade M, Khandagale P, Phadtare D. Liquisolid Compact Techniques: A Review. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 2018 Jul 16;10(4):1.
  22. Kulkarni AS, Aloorkar NH, Mane MS, Gaja JB. Liquisolid Systems: A Review.
  23. Khaled KA, Asiri YA, El-Sayed YM. In vivo evaluation of hydrochlorothiazide liquisolid tablets in beagle dogs. Int J Pharm. 2001 Jul 3;222(1):1–6.
  24. Rupavatiya U, Chauhan MV. Characterization and Optimization of Liquisolid Compact for Enhancement of Dissolution rate and Solubility of Bilastine. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications [Internet]. 9:1365. Available from: www.ijprajournal.co
  25. Panda S, Varaprasad R, Priyanka K, Swain RP. Liquisolid technique: A novel approach for dosage form design. Vol. 9, International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd; 2017. p. 8–14.
  26. Yadav VB, Yadav A V. Improvement of Solubility and Dissolution of Indomethacin by Liquisolid and Compaction Granulation Technique. Vol. 1, J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. 2009.
  27. Kaur A, Verma S, Paramesh DB, Mahammad N. Development and Characterization of Liquisolid Compact to Improve Dissolution of an Antihypertensive Drug. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 2024 Oct 4;58(4):1198–204.
  28. Kaur M, Bala R, Arora S. L LI IQ QU UI IS SO OL LI ID D T TE EC CH HN NO OL LO OG GY Y:?: A A R RE EV VI IE EW W. An International Journal of Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences [Internet]. 4:1. Available from: www.pharmanest.net
  29. Raghavendra Gubbi S, Jarag R. Formulation and characterization of atorvastatin calcium liquisolid compacts. Vol. 5, Atorvastatin calcium liquisolid compacts/Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2010.
  30. Kavitha K, Lova Raju KNS, Ganesh NS, Ramesh B. Effect of dissolution rate by liquisolid compact approach: An overview. Available from: www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com
  31. Dharani Lakshmi Sai P, Venkata Sivaiah K, Bonthagarala B, Venkateswara Rao P. Review on Liquisolid Compact Technology [Internet]. Vol. 4, Pusuluri et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015. Available from: www.wjpr.net
  32. Rajdeo P, Sukhia A, Nirware A, Rajdeo R, Student U. Liquisolid Technique: A Novel Approach to Enhance Solubility of Poorly Soluble Drugs. International Journal of Science and Research [Internet]. 2018; Available from: www.ijsr.net
  33. Patil P, Tekade B, Kale M. Liquisolid Compacts: A Paradigm in Drug Delivery System [Internet]. Int. J. Sci. R. Tech. 2025. Available from: www.ijsrtjournal.com
  34. Kalamkar P, Pawar K, Baddi H, Thawkar B, Yevale R, Kale M, et al. Issue:3 Citation: Priyanka Kalamkar et al. Ijppr [Internet]. Vol. 6, Human. 2016. Available from: www.ijppr.humanjournals.com
  35. Jahangir MA. Development And Evaluation of Liquisolid Compacts of Finasteride. Article in World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research [Internet]. 2017; Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321704028
  36. Kumar Sahoo P, Dash S, Sahoo AC, Mishra B. Dissolution Enhancement of Prednisolone using Liquisolid Compacts.
  37. P KN, T SM, H SD, K SP. A Review On Liquisolid Systems. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics [Internet]. 2011;2014(3):25. Available from: http://jddtonline.info
  38. Tiwari D, Sharma V, Soni SL. Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Oxcarbazepine Liquisolid Compacts. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development. 2021 Feb 13;9(1):71–7.
  39. Gowree Manogar P, Vedha Hari B, Ramya Devi D. Emerging Liquisolid Compact Technology for Solubility Enhancement of BCS Class-II Drug.
  40. Spireas S, Sadu S, Grover R. AAAIn Vitro Release Evaluation of Hydrocortisone Liquisolid Tablets. J Pharm Sci. 1998 Jul 1;87(7):867–72.
  41. Kapsi SG, Ayres JW. Processing factors in development of solid solution formulation of itraconazole for enhancement of drug dissolution and bioavailability. Int J Pharm. 2001 Oct 28;229(1–2):193–203.
  42. Naureen F, Shah Y, Shah SI, Abbas M, Rehman IU, Muhammad S, et al. Formulation Development of Mirtazapine Liquisolid Compacts: Optimization Using Central Composite Design. Molecules. 2022 Jul 1;27(13).
  43. Venkateswarlu K, Preethi JK, Chandrasekhar KB. Enhancement of loperamide dissolution rate by liquisolid compact technique. Adv Pharm Bull. 2016;6(3):385–90.
  44. Gowree Manogar P, Vedha Hari B, Ramya Devi D. Emerging Liquisolid Compact Technology for Solubility Enhancement of BCS Class-II Drug.
  45. Dharani Lakshmi Sai P, Venkata Sivaiah K, Bonthagarala B, Venkateswara Rao P. Review on Liquisolid Compact Technology [Internet]. Vol. 4, Pusuluri et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2015. Available from: www.wjpr.net
  46. Deshmukh AS, Mahale VG, Mahajan VR. Liquisolid Compact Techniques: A Review [Internet]. Vol. 6, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. Available from: www.anvpublication.org0975-4377
  47. Gorde N, Kale M, Waghulde S, Naik P. Liquisolid Compact: A Novel Approach To Enhance Solubility And Dissolution Rate [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ijcpa.in
  48. Wang D, Xing H, Jiang J, Chen X, Yang T, Wang D, et al. Liquisolid technique and its applications in pharmaceutics. Asian J Pharm Sci. 2017 Mar 1;12(2):115–23.
  49. Wu CY, & BLZ (2005). Wu, C. Predicting drug disposition via application of BCS: transport/absorption/ elimination interplay and development of a biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system. Pharm Res. 2005;(22(1)):11–23.
  50. Thakur N, Khokra SL, Sharma D, Singh Thakur N, Purohit R, Arya V. A Review On Pharmaceutical Applications Of Liquisolid Technique. A Review on Pharmaceutical Applications of Liquisolid Technique American Journal of PharmTech Research [Internet]. 2011;1(3):1–18. Available from: http://www.ajptr.com/www.ajptr.com

Photo
Ekta Tiwari
Corresponding author

Bhagwan Mahavir University, BMEF Campus, Nr. Aakash E-space, Bharthana, Surat, 395017.

Photo
Dr. Velenti Chauhan
Co-author

Bhagwan Mahavir University, BMEF Campus, Nr. Aakash E-space, Bharthana, Surat, 395017.

Ekta Tiwari*, Dr. Velenti Chauhan, Liquisolid Compacts: A Hybrid Approach to Enhance Drug Delivery, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2025, Vol 3, Issue 3, 2895-2907 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15101657

More related articles
Development Of Carvedilol Nanoparticles As Antihyp...
Ganesh R Nayak, Krishnananda Kamath K, Akshay Killekar, A. R. Sha...
Review On Ocular in Situ Gels Using Natural Polyme...
Rugved Kashalikar, Gauri Bhivshet, Vijay Jagtap, ...
Moringa Oleifera Tablets: A Comprehensive Review o...
Shilpa Jaiswal, Kaushal Borkar , Gayatri Argulwar , Sanket Deshmu...
View more
A Review On Preparation And Evaluation Of Targeted Transdermal Drug Delivery Sys...
Shaikh Aasim Jameel , ...
Supersaturated Drug Delivery System: An Approach To Enhance The Bioavailability...
MANOJ R. V., Parthasarathi K. Kulkarni, Nagendra R., Venkatesh K., Hanumanthachar Joshi, ...
Beyond Conventional: Recent Advancement on Floating Drug Delivery Systems: An Ap...
Harshdeep Desai, Tushar Rukari, Rashmi Mahabal, Dr. Vijay Jagtap, ...
View more
Download PDF
Related Articles
A Review on Advanced Herbal Technology ...
Gavhane Prasad Balasaheb , Dr.Pawan S Avahd , Sanap Tushar Khanderao , Badwar Onkar Satish , ...
Enhancing Drug Delivery: Formulation and Evaluation of Novel Effervescent Tablet...
MR PAYAAM VOHRA, Mr Sudarshan Mirgal, Ms Priya Patil, ...
Formulation Strategies And Consideration In Nanosuspension Development: A Review...
Vittal C., Snehalatha, Uma M., Nagaraja T. S, Yogananda R., ...
Mucoadhesive Nasal Microspheres: A Novel Approach for Enhanced Drug Delivery...
Ganesh Patel, Sandip Tadavi, Dr. Sunil Pawar, ...
Development Of Carvedilol Nanoparticles As Antihypertensive Agent...
Ganesh R Nayak, Krishnananda Kamath K, Akshay Killekar, A. R. Shabaraya, ...
More related articles
Development Of Carvedilol Nanoparticles As Antihypertensive Agent...
Ganesh R Nayak, Krishnananda Kamath K, Akshay Killekar, A. R. Shabaraya, ...
Review On Ocular in Situ Gels Using Natural Polymers: A Promising Approach for S...
Rugved Kashalikar, Gauri Bhivshet, Vijay Jagtap, ...
Moringa Oleifera Tablets: A Comprehensive Review of Novel Formulation Techniques...
Shilpa Jaiswal, Kaushal Borkar , Gayatri Argulwar , Sanket Deshmukh, Dr. M. D. Kitukale, ...
View more
Development Of Carvedilol Nanoparticles As Antihypertensive Agent...
Ganesh R Nayak, Krishnananda Kamath K, Akshay Killekar, A. R. Shabaraya, ...
Review On Ocular in Situ Gels Using Natural Polymers: A Promising Approach for S...
Rugved Kashalikar, Gauri Bhivshet, Vijay Jagtap, ...
Moringa Oleifera Tablets: A Comprehensive Review of Novel Formulation Techniques...
Shilpa Jaiswal, Kaushal Borkar , Gayatri Argulwar , Sanket Deshmukh, Dr. M. D. Kitukale, ...
View more

Copyright © 2025 IJPS. All rights reserved