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Abstract

The study aims to develop and validate a UV-visible spectrophotometric method for analyzing Calcium Pantothenate. The method uses a solvent system of methanol and water (1:1), chosen for its solubility and cost-effectiveness. A stock solution (1000 µg/ml) and subsequent dilutions were prepared for analysis. The absorption maxima (?max) of Calcium Pantothenate was determined to be 212 nm. Validation parameters included linearity , precision , accuracy , specificity , robustness , and sensitivity. Linearity was confirmed over the concentration range of 5 to 25 µg/ml, with an R² value of 0.999. Precision studies both intra-day and inter-day demonstrated consistency with %RSD values below 2%. Accuracy was verified using the standard addition method with recoveries within 100±2%. The method’s specificity was confirmed by comparing the UV spectra of the tablet and standard solutions with no interference from excipients. The developed method is thus validated as reliable and accurate for the quantitative analysis of Calcium Pantothenate.

Keywords

UV Visible Spectrophotometer, Calcium Pantothenate, Water soluble vitamin, Method Validation.

Introduction

Vitamin B5 (Calcium Pantothenate) is chemically, calcium; 3-[[(2R)-2,4 dihydroxy3,3dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoate

       
            Vitamin B5 (Calcium Pantothenate).png
       

Figure 1. Vitamin B5 (Calcium Pantothenate)

It is a White or slightly yellowish or crystalline or powder form. It acts as a precursor to Coenzyme A (CoA), an essential coenzyme involved in various biochemical reactions that are crucial for energy production. It participates in the metabolism of Carbohydrates, fats, proteins. Characteristic lesions of vitamin B5 deficiency are numbness and burning of the hands and feet, headache, extreme, restlessness, stomach pain, heartburn, diarrhoea and loss of appetite.

Survey of the literature review revealed that few analytical, methods are available for the estimation of water-soluble vitamin (calcium Pantothenate) by using HPLC, Fluorimetry, Colorimetry. Yet there is no method reported in the literature for the estimation of Calcium Pantothenate by using UV Spectroscopy.

The aim of this work is to develop a method and validate for the estimation of calcium Pantothenate by using UV Spectrophotometer by using aqueous solvent system.

2. MATERIAL AND METHOD

API of calcium Pantothenate by I Dreamz Health Care, No.274C, Road No.5A, Harohalli Industrial area, 2nd Phase, Harohalli, Karnataka 62112 as gift sample. Calcium Pantothenate dosage form was purchased from Ipca Laboratories Ltd. AR grade Methanol and Water were obtained from Vasa Scientifics. Shimadzu (U-19000i) UV/Visible spectrophotometer coupled with UV- probe data acquisition software.

2.1 Method Development

2.1.1 Selection of Solvent

The study investigated the solubility of Calcium pantothenate in different solvents including water, methanol, 0.1N NaOH and acetonitrile. The results showed that the Calcium pantothenate was highly soluble in methanol and water. Water and methanol

(1 : 1) were chosen as the preferred solvents for dissolving the drug.

2.1.2 Preparation of Stock Solution (1000µg/ml)

Accurately weighed quantity of pure Calcium Pantothenate (100mg) was transferred into 100 ml volumetric flasks dissolved with the solvent system of methanol and water (1:1) and made up to 100 ml with the same solvent to give a solution containing 1000µg/ml. The solution was sonicated for 5mins.

2.1.3 Preparation of Standard solution (100µg/ml)

10ml of stock solution was taken and transferred to another separate 100ml volumetric flask and the same solvent system was added up to 100ml for additional dilution to give a solution containing 100µg/ml. From the above solution 1ml was further diluted to 10ml to obtain 10 µg/ml of Calcium pantothenate.

2.1.4 Preparation of sample solution (10µg/ml)

The tablet powder equivalent to 10mg of Calcium pantothenate was transferred into 100ml volumetric flask diluted to 100ml with diluent. The resultant solution was further diluted with the same diluent to obtain a solution containing 10µg/ml concentration of Calcium pantothenate. The sample solution was filtered through the 0.25µm Nylon filter.

2.1.5 Determination of Absorption Maxima (?max)

25µg/ml of Calcium Pantothenate solution was prepared by diluting 2.5ml of working standard solution again diluted to 10 ml with the same solvent system. The produced solutions of Calcium Pantothenate was scanned in the UV spectrophotometer from 200-400nm to determine the ?max of given compounds. The ?max of Calcium Pantothenate was observed to be 212nm.

2.2 Method Validation

Analytical method validation is the process of proving that an analytical method is suitable for its intended purpose and capable of producing reliable and consistent results. In pharmaceuticals, chemical manufacturing, and food safety industries, method validation is essential for ensuring product quality, safety, and efficacy.

The main parameters evaluated during the validation process such as Accuracy, Precision, Specificity, Linearity, Sensitivity, Robustness

2.2.1 Accuracy

 The recommended method's accuracy was verified through the standard addition method at 50%, 100%, and 150% concentrations. This involved adding stated concentrations of pure drug solutions to a predetermined amount of the Calcium Pantothenate tablet sample (10µg/mL) and measuring the absorbance at the respective wavelength. The analysis of the percentage recovery at each level was conducted.

2.2.2 Precision

 Precision studies were conducted to evaluate intraday and inter-day variations of Calcium Pantothenate at 10µg/mL concentrations. The stated concentration was subjected to analysis for 6 times. The % RSD can be evaluated for obtained absorbance values.

2.2.3 Specificity

 Specificity refers to the capability of the method to accurately detect the analyte in the presence of other potentially interfering components. The specificity of the developed method for determining calcium Pantothenate in tablet dosage form was assessed by comparing the spectral characteristics of the tablet solution to those of the standard solution. The sample spectrum was thoroughly examined to identify any potential interferences arising from the presence of excipients

2.2.4 Linearity

 The method's linearity means concentration immediately affects test findings. The linearity of the current approach was tested by measuring absorbance 212nm for calcium Pantothenate concentrations from 5 to 25 ?g/mL. Finally, the concentration-absorbance linearity graph was plotted, and the regression coefficient (R2) was calculated.

2.2.5 Sensitivity

 Standard deviation equations were utilized to calculate LOD and LOQ.

             LOD=3×?/S

             LOQ = 10×?/S

Where,

? is the standard (SD) of the intercept

S -slope of the linear plot

2.2.6 Robustness

The maximum absorption wave length were purposely changed to test the method's resilience. After changing the wavelength maximum (± 2nm), % RSD can be evaluated for obtained absorbance values.

2.3 Assay of Dosage Form

The marketed 20 tablets were weighed and the powder equivalent to 10mg of Calcium Pantothenate was transferred into 100ml volumetric flask diluted to 100ml with diluent. The resultant solution was further diluted with the same diluent to obtain a solution containing 10µg/ml of Calcium Pantothenate. The sample solution was

filtered through the 0.25µm Nylon filter. Both sample and standard solutions of Calcium Pantothenate were analyzed. Assay of the compound was analyzed by following formula:

% Assay=ATASxWSDSxDTWTxP100xAVG WtLabel Claimx100

Where:

AT - Absorbance of sample (tablet) solution.

AS - Absorbance of standard solution.

WS - Weight of standard substance (mg)

WT - Weight of sample (tablet) powder (mg)

DS - Dilution factor of standard solution

DT - Dilution factor of sample solution

P - % purity of standard substance

AVG WT - Tablet weight in average (mg)

 

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Determination of Absorption Maxima (?max)

Fig 2, shows that scanned spectra of Calcium Pantothenate bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form shows absorption between 200 to 250nm. The maximum absorption (?max) scanned at 212nm.

       
            Absorption Maxima of Calcium Pantothenate.png
       

Figure 2. Absorption Maxima of Calcium Pantothenate

3.2 Method Validation

3.2.1 Linearity

The Calibration curve of Calcium Pantothenate shows good Linearity at concentration ranging from 5-25µg/mL.The graph were plotted against Absorbance vs Concentration and fit a linear Regression line:     y=mx+b

The three trials was conducted as Set1, Set2, Set3 with same concentration.

The Correlation co-efficient (R?2;) is calculated.

r=n(?xy)-?x?y?n?x2-?x2n?y2-?y2

The correlation coefficient (R?2;) was         

was within the working concentration.

The intercept and slope of Calcium Pantothenate were respectively.

       
            Linearity curve of Calcium Pantothenate at 212nm.png
       

Figure-3: Linearity curve of Calcium Pantothenate at 212nm


Table 1: Linearity of Calcium pantothenate

Absorbance at 212 nm

% Level

Concentration (µg/mL)

SET1

SET2

SET3

AVG

50

5

0.15

0.15

0.14

0.15

75

10

0.29

0.30

0.32

0.30

100

15

0.50

0.53

0.50

0.51

125

20

0.71

0.74

0.71

0.72

150

25

0.92

0.93

0.90

0.92


3.2.2 Accuracy

Using known concentration, the measured absorbance and %recovery are presented in Table-2.

%Recovery=ObservedvalueTrue value×100

These value portrays high reproducibility with accuracy found satisfactory.

3.2.3 Precision

The intraday and interday precision for proposed method are presented in Table- 3&4.

The Relative Standard Deviation (%RSD) for Calcium Pantothenate ranged from     % for intraday precision, while the interday precision was from %.

These value portrays high reproducibility with precision found satisfactory.


Table 2: Accuracy of Calcium Pantothenate

Sample solution

%Level

Amount added

Amount recovered

% Recovery

Acceptance limit

Set-1

50

10

9.97

99.7

 

 

 

 

98-102%

100

15

15.02

100.13

150

20

19.31

96.55

Set-2

50

10

9.86

98.6

100

15

14.83

98.86

150

20

19.86

99.3

Set-3

50

10

9.901

99.01

100

15

14.73

98.2

150

20

19.79

98.95


Table 3: Intraday precision of Calcium Pantothenate

 

 

 

 

10µg/mL

Sl No

Absorbance at 212nm

1

0.282

2

0.282

3

0.283

4

0.291

5

0.293

6

0.282

AVG

0.286

SD

0.005

%RSD

1.783


Table 4: Interday precision of Calcium Pantothenate

 

 

 

 

10µg/mL

Sl No

Day-1

Absorbance

Day-2

Absorbance

Day-3

Absorbance

1

0.282

0.287

0.297

2

0.282

0.292

0.292

3

0.283

0.281

0.279

4

0.291

0.291

0.291

5

0.293

0.283

0.289

6

0.282

0.279

0.287

AVG

0.286

0.286

0.289

SD

0.005

0.005

0.006

%RSD

1.783

1.876

2.080

 

Average%RSD:1.91


Table 5: Robustness of Calcium Pantothenate at various Wavelengths

Sl No

Absorbance at 212nm

Absorbance at 210nm

Absorbance at 214nm

Absorbance at 212nm

 with CH3OH:H20

50ml

Absorbance at 212nm with CH3OH:H20

48ml

Absorbance at 212nm with CH3OH:H20

52ml

1

0.298

0.304

0.302

0.305

0.307

0.308

2

0.299

0.304

0.301

0.306

0.306

0.306

3

0.302

0.302

0.304

0.305

0.305

0.305

4

0.298

0.31

0.304

0.303

0.303

0.31

5

0.3

0.304

0.303

0.303

0.303

0.308

6

0.305

0.302

0.308

0.305

0.305

0.305

AVG

0.30

0.30

0.303

0.3045

0.304

0.307

SD

0.002

0.003

0.002

0.0012

0.001

0.002

%RSD

0.90

0.96

0.80

0.40

0.52

0.65


3.2.4 Specificity

       
            UV spectrum of Calcium pantothenate sample and solvent.png
       

Figure-4: UV spectrum of Calcium pantothenate sample and solvent


Table 6: Sensitivity results of Calcium Pantothenate

Drug Name

Parameter

Value

Calcium

Pantothenate

LOD(µg/mL)

0.09µg/mL

LOQ(µg/mL)

0.3µg/mL


3.2.5 Assay

The dosage form containing Calcium Pantothenate was assayed applying the proposed spectrophotometric method.

The amount of drug found in the sample was within the specified range and was in the good agreement with label claim on the brand

The Acceptance limit is 100±2%

% Assay=ATASxWSDSxDTWTxP100xAVG WtLabelClaimx100

Label claim Calcium Pantothenate: 200mg

Tablet average weight-311mg

% Assay=0.2910.289x1010000x1000015.5x99.86100x311200x100

= 100.81% W/V

Acceptance limit: 100±2%

The optimized method conditions such as methanol : water (1:1) as solvent, ?max of 212nm (used to validate the stated method as of ICHQ2R1).

The Calcium pantothenate solution was shown linearity with a concentration range from 5 to 25µg/mL. The given series of solutions were acceptable R2 value  of 0.999. To the stated concentration (10µg/mL) intraday and intermediate precisions were validated by computing the %RSD values, which assured the precision of the method (Table-3 to 4).

The % recoveries Calcium pantothenate in spiked solutions were observed to be 100±2% (Table-2). Potential changes did not happen in the UV spectrum of the pure drug in comparison with the tablet sample solution. Hence, the method was specific towards Calcium pantothenate. A slight modification in the wavelengths of the optimized method could not affect the %RSD values of absorbance (Table-5). The LOD and LOQ values of Calcium pantothenate were shown in (Table-6).Those results were demonstrating the good sensitivity of the given approach. The % purities of the Calcium pantothenate in given tablets were found to be 100.8 % W/V.


Table 7: Summary of the method

Drug Name

Calcium Pantothente

Solvent

Methanol:Water (1:1)

Absorption maximum (?max)

212nm

Linearity range

5-25µg/mL

R?2;

0.9993

Intraday Precision (%RSD)

1.783

Interday Precision(%RSD)

1.91

Accuracy(%Recovery)

98.6-100.13%

LOD

0.09

LOQ

0.3

%Assay

100.8%W/V

 

CONCLUSION

A novel UV spectrophotometric method has been developed to estimate Calcium Pantothenate in bulk and tablet formulations. The technique is designed to be simple, sensitive, and cost-effective, making it highly suitable for routine pharmaceutical analysis. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines, and the results demonstrated its robustness and reliability.

The statistical analysis confirmed that the method is linear over a 5 to 25 µg/ml concentration range, with a strong correlation coefficient (R?2; = 0.999), ensuring consistent performance across different concentrations. Precision studies, both intra-day and inter-day, revealed %RSD values below 2%, indicating the method's repeatability and reliability. Accuracy was verified through the standard addition method, with recoveries within the acceptable range of 100±2%, proving the method’s ability to measure Calcium Pantothenate without interference from excipients accurately.

Moreover, the technique is highly sensitive, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 µg/ml and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.3 µg/ml, making it suitable for detecting low concentrations. The method's specificity was confirmed by the absence of any spectral interference from excipients in the tablet formulations. Overall, this newly developed UV spectrophotometric method is a reliable, accurate, and sensitive approach for estimating calcium pantothenate making it ideal for pharmaceutical quality control.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Authors are thankful to Dr. Kalyani Peluri of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Analysis, Faculty of Vydehi Institute of Pharmacy, for her assistance in the laboratory during this research.

REFERENCES

  1. Picollo MA. UV-Vis spectroscopy. Phys Sci Rev. 2019 Mar;4(4):20180008.
  2. Shinde G, Godage RK, Jadhav RS, Manoj B, Aniket B. A review on advances in UV spectroscopy. Res J Sci Technol. 2020;12(1):47-51.
  3. Verma G, Mishra M. Development and optimization of UV-Vis spectroscopy: a review. World J Pharm Res. 2018 Apr 19;7(11):1170-80.
  4. Atole DM, Rajput HH. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and its pharmaceutical applications—a brief review. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2018;11(2):59-66.
  5. Ozaki Y, Morisawa Y, Ikehata A, Higashi N. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopy in the solid and liquid states: a review. Appl Spectroscopic.2012 Jan;66(1):1-25.
  6. Hillier DJ. UV spectroscopy of massive stars. Galaxies. 2020 Aug 12;8(3):60.
  7. Watson GD. Pharmaceutical analysis. 3rd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2012.
  8. Beckett AH, Stenlake JB. Practical pharmaceutical chemistry. 4th ed. Vol. I & II. New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors; 2007.
  9. Higuchi T, Brochman-Hansen. Pharmaceutical analysis. 3rd ed. New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd.;2015.
  10. Oliver G, Gerrit R, Maxmilian VZ. Leading pharmaceutical innovation: trends and drivers for growth in the pharmaceutical industry. 2nd ed. Springer; 2008. p. 12-15.
  11. Jay B, Kelvin J, Pierre B. Understanding and implementing efficient analytical methods development and validation. 2003.
  12. Christopher RM, Thomas WR. Quality systems approach to pharmaceutical cGMP: development and validation of analytical methods. 1st ed. 2005. p. 147-52.
  13.  Snyder RL, Kirkland JJ, Glajah LJ. Practical HPLC method development. 2nd ed. 2014. p. 179-84.
  14. Sharma BK. Instrumental method of chemical analysis. 29th ed. Meerut: Goel Publishing House; 2013. p. 286-385.
  15. Willard HH, Merrit LL, Dean JA Jr, Settle FA Jr. Instrumental methods of analysis. New Delhi: CBS Publishers; 2004.
  16. Saurendra S Nag, Saroj K Das.Identification and quantitation of panthenol and pantothenic acid in pharmaceutical preparations by thin-layer chromatography and densitometry. Journal AOAC International. 2002 Sep 1;75(5):898-901.
  17. David C. Woollard, Harvey E. Indyk, Scott K. Christiansen. The analysis of pantothenic acid in milk and infant formulas by HPLC. Food Chemistry. 2000 May 1;69(2):2018.
  18. Wang TM, Chiu YM, Lin LC, Hsu MC. Liquid chromatographic method for determination of calcium pantothenate preparations and related stability studies. Journal of Food Drug Analysis. 2004;12(1):15.
  19. Marco Ciulu, Ignazio Floris, Valeria M. Nurchi, Angelo Panzanelli, Maria I. Pilo, Nadia Spano. Determination of pantothenic acid in royal jelly. Analytical methods. 2013 September 2023.
  20. M. Blanco, J Coello, H. Iturriaga,S. Maspoch &J. Pagès. Fia Fluorimetric Determination of Calcium Pantothenate. Validation and Quantitation in Multivitamin Preparations.Analytical lectures.2006 August 16;28(5):821-33.
  21.  Willard D Hubbard, Mary E Hintz, David A Libby, Roger P Sutor. Chemical Determination of Calcium Pantothenate . Journal of Official Agricultural Chemists. 2013;48(6):1217-20.
  22. Thomas J. Franks &John D. Stodola. A reverse phase HPLC assay for the determination of calcium pantothenate utilizing column switching. journal of liquid chromatography. 2005;7(4):823-37.
  23. Jo Anne Timmons, John C Meyer, Daniel J Steible, Sebastian P Assenza . Reverse phase liquid chromatographic assay for calcium pantothenate in multivitamin preparations and raw materials. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2002;70(3):510–3.
  24. Day RA, Underwood AL. Quantitative analyses. 5th ed. New Delhi: Prentice Hall; 2011.
  25. Macek and Karel, Pharmaceutical Applications of Thin Layer and Paper Chromatography, 62(6) 2005,1032.
  26. Ramana Rao G, Murthy SSN, Khadgapathi P. Gas chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis. East Pharm. 2007;30(353):35.
  27. Wiederholt T, Heise R, Skazik C, Marquardt Y, Joussen S, Erdmann K, et al. Calcium pantothenate modulates gene expression in proliferating human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol. 2009 Nov;18(11):969-78.
  28. Pastor?Nieto MA, Gatica?Ortega ME, Sánchez?Herreros C, Jiménez?Blázquez E, Martín?Fuentes A, Checa?Recio I, et al. Calcium pantothenate tablet dosage form [doctoral dissertation]. Krishnankoil: Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy.
  29. Havlíková L, Matysová L, Nováková L, Solich P. HPLC determination of calcium pantothenate and two preservatives in topical cream. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006 May 3;41(2):671-5.
  30. Dr. R. Rajapandi. Development and validation of rp-hplc method for rapid simultaneous estimation of calcium pantothenate and biotin in pure and tablet dosage form. (Doctoral dissertation, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil).
  31. Hudson TJ, Allen RJ. Determination of pantothenic acid in multivitamin pharmaceutical preparations by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2016 Jan 1;73(1):99-102.

Reference

  1. Picollo MA. UV-Vis spectroscopy. Phys Sci Rev. 2019 Mar;4(4):20180008.
  2. Shinde G, Godage RK, Jadhav RS, Manoj B, Aniket B. A review on advances in UV spectroscopy. Res J Sci Technol. 2020;12(1):47-51.
  3. Verma G, Mishra M. Development and optimization of UV-Vis spectroscopy: a review. World J Pharm Res. 2018 Apr 19;7(11):1170-80.
  4. Atole DM, Rajput HH. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and its pharmaceutical applications—a brief review. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2018;11(2):59-66.
  5. Ozaki Y, Morisawa Y, Ikehata A, Higashi N. Far-ultraviolet spectroscopy in the solid and liquid states: a review. Appl Spectroscopic.2012 Jan;66(1):1-25.
  6. Hillier DJ. UV spectroscopy of massive stars. Galaxies. 2020 Aug 12;8(3):60.
  7. Watson GD. Pharmaceutical analysis. 3rd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2012.
  8. Beckett AH, Stenlake JB. Practical pharmaceutical chemistry. 4th ed. Vol. I & II. New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors; 2007.
  9. Higuchi T, Brochman-Hansen. Pharmaceutical analysis. 3rd ed. New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd.;2015.
  10. Oliver G, Gerrit R, Maxmilian VZ. Leading pharmaceutical innovation: trends and drivers for growth in the pharmaceutical industry. 2nd ed. Springer; 2008. p. 12-15.
  11. Jay B, Kelvin J, Pierre B. Understanding and implementing efficient analytical methods development and validation. 2003.
  12. Christopher RM, Thomas WR. Quality systems approach to pharmaceutical cGMP: development and validation of analytical methods. 1st ed. 2005. p. 147-52.
  13.  Snyder RL, Kirkland JJ, Glajah LJ. Practical HPLC method development. 2nd ed. 2014. p. 179-84.
  14. Sharma BK. Instrumental method of chemical analysis. 29th ed. Meerut: Goel Publishing House; 2013. p. 286-385.
  15. Willard HH, Merrit LL, Dean JA Jr, Settle FA Jr. Instrumental methods of analysis. New Delhi: CBS Publishers; 2004.
  16. Saurendra S Nag, Saroj K Das.Identification and quantitation of panthenol and pantothenic acid in pharmaceutical preparations by thin-layer chromatography and densitometry. Journal AOAC International. 2002 Sep 1;75(5):898-901.
  17. David C. Woollard, Harvey E. Indyk, Scott K. Christiansen. The analysis of pantothenic acid in milk and infant formulas by HPLC. Food Chemistry. 2000 May 1;69(2):2018.
  18. Wang TM, Chiu YM, Lin LC, Hsu MC. Liquid chromatographic method for determination of calcium pantothenate preparations and related stability studies. Journal of Food Drug Analysis. 2004;12(1):15.
  19. Marco Ciulu, Ignazio Floris, Valeria M. Nurchi, Angelo Panzanelli, Maria I. Pilo, Nadia Spano. Determination of pantothenic acid in royal jelly. Analytical methods. 2013 September 2023.
  20. M. Blanco, J Coello, H. Iturriaga,S. Maspoch &J. Pagès. Fia Fluorimetric Determination of Calcium Pantothenate. Validation and Quantitation in Multivitamin Preparations.Analytical lectures.2006 August 16;28(5):821-33.
  21.  Willard D Hubbard, Mary E Hintz, David A Libby, Roger P Sutor. Chemical Determination of Calcium Pantothenate . Journal of Official Agricultural Chemists. 2013;48(6):1217-20.
  22. Thomas J. Franks &John D. Stodola. A reverse phase HPLC assay for the determination of calcium pantothenate utilizing column switching. journal of liquid chromatography. 2005;7(4):823-37.
  23. Jo Anne Timmons, John C Meyer, Daniel J Steible, Sebastian P Assenza . Reverse phase liquid chromatographic assay for calcium pantothenate in multivitamin preparations and raw materials. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2002;70(3):510–3.
  24. Day RA, Underwood AL. Quantitative analyses. 5th ed. New Delhi: Prentice Hall; 2011.
  25. Macek and Karel, Pharmaceutical Applications of Thin Layer and Paper Chromatography, 62(6) 2005,1032.
  26. Ramana Rao G, Murthy SSN, Khadgapathi P. Gas chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis. East Pharm. 2007;30(353):35.
  27. Wiederholt T, Heise R, Skazik C, Marquardt Y, Joussen S, Erdmann K, et al. Calcium pantothenate modulates gene expression in proliferating human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol. 2009 Nov;18(11):969-78.
  28. Pastor?Nieto MA, Gatica?Ortega ME, Sánchez?Herreros C, Jiménez?Blázquez E, Martín?Fuentes A, Checa?Recio I, et al. Calcium pantothenate tablet dosage form [doctoral dissertation]. Krishnankoil: Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy.
  29. Havlíková L, Matysová L, Nováková L, Solich P. HPLC determination of calcium pantothenate and two preservatives in topical cream. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006 May 3;41(2):671-5.
  30. Dr. R. Rajapandi. Development and validation of rp-hplc method for rapid simultaneous estimation of calcium pantothenate and biotin in pure and tablet dosage form. (Doctoral dissertation, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil).
  31. Hudson TJ, Allen RJ. Determination of pantothenic acid in multivitamin pharmaceutical preparations by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2016 Jan 1;73(1):99-102.

Photo
Kalyani Peluri
Corresponding author

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Vydehi Institute of Pharmacy , Nallurhalli , Bangalore-66

Photo
Ambika S.
Co-author

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Vydehi Institute of Pharmacy , Nallurhalli , Bangalore-66

Photo
Pallavi K. C.
Co-author

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Vydehi Institute of Pharmacy , Nallurhalli , Bangalore-66

Photo
Ruchitha M.
Co-author

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Vydehi Institute of Pharmacy , Nallurhalli , Bangalore-66

Photo
Tejaswini V.
Co-author

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Vydehi Institute of Pharmacy , Nallurhalli , Bangalore-66

Kalyani Peluri*, Ambika S., Pallavi K. C., Ruchitha M., Tejaswini V., Development And Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Calcium Pantothenate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2024, Vol 2, Issue 11, 79-87. https://doi.org/Kalyani Peluri*, Ambika S., Pallavi K. C., Ruchitha M., Tejaswini V., Development And Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Calcium Pantothenate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form, Int. J. of Pharm. Sci., 2024, Vol 2, Issue 11, 79-87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14028818

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