View Article

  • Innovation & Challenges of 3D Printing in Pharmaceutics
  • Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Abstract

In the past two decades, 3D printing, which is one of the most rapidly evolving fabrication technologies, has unleashed a flood of innovation. The use of the technology for 3D printing has provided numerous advantages to the pharmaceutical business, especially on a micro-scale. Micro-scale printing of devices and materials has the potential to provide sophisticated techniques for controlled & sustained release, simple delivery, and accurate targeting, which is synthetic analogs for drug development, and future uses in personalized medicine. 3D printing, one of the most powerful and inventive tools accessible today, is employed in the engineering of tissues, diseases modelling, and the precise manufacturing of personalised dosage forms. The application of 3D printing facilitates the development as well as manufacturing of digital medicinal goods. In recent years, there has been substantial progress in the fields of the initial stages preclinical printing using 3D printers and large-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing. Since there are still challenges regarding the issues of scaling up and regulatory authorization, we believe that these kinds of innovations provide intriguing prospects for modern healthcare.

Keywords

Micro-implant, oral doses, high-precision targeting, geometry, resolution, personalized medicine, fused deposition modelling

Reference

  1. Ahmad, Javed, Garg, Anuj, Mustafa, Gulam, Mohammed, Abdul Aleem, & Ahmad, Mohammad Zaki. (2023). 3D Printing Technology as a Promising Tool to Design Nanomedicine-Based Solid Dosage Forms: Contemporary Research and Future Scope. Pharmaceutics, 15(5), 1448.
  2. Al Rashid, Ans, Ahmed, Waqas, Khalid, Muhammad Yasir, & Koc, Muammer. (2021). Vat photopolymerization of polymers and polymer composites: Processes and applications. Additive Manufacturing, 47, 102279.
  3. Aldawood, Faisal Khaled, Andar, Abhay, & Desai, Salil. (2021). A comprehensive review of microneedles: Types, materials, processes, characterizations and applications. Polymers, 13(16), 2815.
  4. Araújo, Maisa RP, Sa-Barreto, Livia L, Gratieri, Tais, Gelfuso, Guilherme M, & Cunha-Filho, Marcilio. (2019). The digital pharmacies era: How 3D printing technology using fused deposition modeling can become a reality. Pharmaceutics, 11(3), 128.
  5. Ashammakhi, Nureddin, GhavamiNejad, Amin, Tutar, Rumeysa, Fricker, Annabelle, Roy, Ipsita, Chatzistavrou, Xanthippi, . . . Pountos, Ippokratis. (2022). Highlights on advancing frontiers in tissue engineering. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, 28(3), 633-664.
  6. Auriemma, Giulia, Tommasino, Carmela, Falcone, Giovanni, Esposito, Tiziana, Sardo, Carla, & Aquino, Rita Patrizia. (2022). Additive manufacturing strategies for personalized drug delivery systems and medical devices: fused filament fabrication and semi solid extrusion. Molecules, 27(9), 2784.
  7. Awad, Atheer, Fina, Fabrizio, Goyanes, Alvaro, Gaisford, Simon, & Basit, Abdul W. (2020). 3D printing: Principles and pharmaceutical applications of selective laser sintering. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 586, 119594.
  8. Azizi Machekposhti, Sina, Mohaved, Saeid, & Narayan, Roger J. (2019). Inkjet dispensing technologies: recent advances for novel drug discovery. Expert opinion on drug discovery, 14(2), 101-113.
  9. Balasankar, Athinarayanan, Anbazhakan, Kandasamy, Arul, Velusamy, Mutharaian, Velankadu Natrayan, Sriram, Ganesan, Aruchamy, Kanakaraj, . . . Ramasundaram, Subramaniyan. (2023). Recent Advances in the Production of Pharmaceuticals Using Selective Laser Sintering. Biomimetics, 8(4), 330.
  10. Basit, AW, & Trenfield, SJ. (2022). 3D printing of pharmaceuticals and the role of pharmacy. Pharm. J, 308, 7959.
  11. Beer, Netta, Kaae, Susanne, Genina, Natalja, Sporrong, Sofia Kälvemark, Alves, Teresa Leonardo, Hoebert, Joëlle, . . . Hegger, Ingrid. (2023). Magistral Compounding with 3D Printing: A Promising Way to Achieve Personalized Medicine. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 57(1), 26-36.
  12. Brion, Douglas AJ, & Pattinson, Sebastian W. (2022). Generalisable 3D printing error detection and correction via multi-head neural networks. Nature Communications, 13(1), 4654.
  13. Chaudhary, Rajat, Fabbri, Paride, Leoni, Enrico, Mazzanti, Francesca, Akbari, Raziyeh, & Antonini, Carlo. (2023). Additive manufacturing by digital light processing: a review. Progress in Additive Manufacturing, 8(2), 331-351.
  14. Cho, Hui-Won, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Lee, Beom-Jin, & Jin, Hyo-Eon. (2020). Orodispersible polymer films with the poorly water-soluble drug, olanzapine: Hot-melt pneumatic extrusion for single-process 3D printing. Pharmaceutics, 12(8), 692.
  15. Cong, Chenhao, Li, Xinlin, Xiao, Wei, Li, Junru, Jin, Mingliang, Kim, Se Hyun, & Zhang, Pengfei. (2022). Electrohydrodynamic printing for demanding devices: A review of processing and applications. Nanotechnology Reviews, 11(1), 3305-3334.
  16. Cui, Mengsuo, Pan, Hao, Su, Yupei, Fang, Dongyang, Qiao, Sen, Ding, Pingtian, & Pan, Weisan. (2021). Opportunities and challenges of three-dimensional printing technology in pharmaceutical formulation development. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 11(8), 2488-2504.
  17. Datta, Deepanjan, Roy, Girdhari, Garg, Prashant, & Venuganti, Venkata Vamsi Krishna. (2022). Ocular delivery of cyclosporine A using dissolvable microneedle contact lens. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 70, 103211.
  18. Di Laura, Anna, Henckel, Johann, & Hart, Alister. (2023). Custom 3D-Printed Implants for Acetabular Reconstruction: Intermediate-Term Functional and Radiographic Results. JBJS Open Access, 8(2).
  19. Fang, Jen-Hung, Liu, Che-Hau, Hsu, Ru-Siou, Chen, Yin-Yu, Chiang, Wen-Hsuan, Wang, Hui-Min David, & Hu, Shang-Hsiu. (2020). Transdermal composite microneedle composed of mesoporous iron oxide nanoraspberry and PVA for androgenetic alopecia treatment. Polymers, 12(6), 1392.
  20. Fazili, Zayeem, Ward, Adam, Walton, Karl, Blunt, Liam, & Asare-Addo, Kofi. (2020). Design and development of a novel fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printed diffusion cell with UV imaging capabilities to characterise permeation in pharmaceutical formulations. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 152, 202-209.
  21. Gazzaniga, Andrea, Foppoli, Anastasia, Cerea, Matteo, Palugan, Luca, Cirilli, Micol, Moutaharrik, Saliha, . . . Maroni, Alessandra. (2023). Towards 4D printing in pharmaceutics. International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X, 100171.
  22. Gokuldoss, PK, Kolla, S, & Eckert, J. (2017). Additive manufacturing processes: selective laser melting, electron beam melting and binder jetting—selection guidelines. Materials 10 (6): 672.
  23. Haleem, Abid, Javaid, Mohd, Singh, Ravi Pratap, & Suman, Rajiv. (2021). Significant roles of 4D printing using smart materials in the field of manufacturing. Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research, 4(4), 301-311.
  24. Han, Wei, Kong, Lingbao, & Xu, Min. (2022). Advances in selective laser sintering of polymers. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing.
  25. Han, Yiwei, & Dong, Jingyan. (2018). Electrohydrodynamic printing for advanced micro/nanomanufacturing: Current progresses, opportunities, and challenges. Journal of Micro-and Nano-Manufacturing, 6(4), 040802.
  26. Henry, Silke, Samaro, Aseel, Marchesini, Flavio H, Shaqour, Bahaa, Macedo, J, Vanhoorne, Valérie, & Vervaet, Chris. (2021). Extrusion-based 3D printing of oral solid dosage forms: Material requirements and equipment dependencies. International journal of pharmaceutics, 598, 120361.
  27. Hossain, Md Aslam, Zhumabekova, Altynay, Paul, Suvash Chandra, & Kim, Jong Ryeol. (2020). A review of 3D printing in construction and its impact on the labor market. Sustainability, 12(20), 8492.
  28. Jamróz, Witold, Szafraniec, Joanna, Kurek, Mateusz, & Jachowicz, Renata. (2018). 3D printing in pharmaceutical and medical applications–recent achievements and challenges. Pharmaceutical research, 35, 1-22.
  29. Jandyal, Anketa, Chaturvedi, Ikshita, Wazir, Ishika, Raina, Ankush, & Haq, Mir Irfan Ul. (2022). 3D printing–A review of processes, materials and applications in industry 4.0. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 33-42.
  30. Jin, Zhongboyu, Li, Yuanrong, Yu, Kang, Liu, Linxiang, Fu, Jianzhong, Yao, Xinhua, . . . He, Yong. (2021). 3D printing of physical organ models: recent developments and challenges. Advanced Science, 8(17), 2101394.
  31. Jindal, Swati, Manzoor, Faisal, Haslam, Niall, & Mancuso, Elena. (2021). 3D printed composite materials for craniofacial implants: current concepts, challenges and future directions. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 112(3-4), 635-653.
  32. Kadry, Hossam, Wadnap, Soham, Xu, Changxue, & Ahsan, Fakhrul. (2019). Digital light processing (DLP) 3D-printing technology and photoreactive polymers in fabrication of modified-release tablets. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 135, 60-67.
  33. Karalia, Danae, Siamidi, Angeliki, Karalis, Vangelis, & Vlachou, Marilena. (2021). 3D-Printed oral dosage forms: Mechanical properties, computational approaches and applications. Pharmaceutics, 13(9), 1401.
  34. Konta, Andrea Alice, García-Piña, Marta, & Serrano, Dolores R. (2017). Personalised 3D printed medicines: which techniques and polymers are more successful? Bioengineering, 4(4), 79.
  35. Lafeber, I, Tichem, JM, Ouwerkerk, N, van Unen, AD, van Uitert, JJD, Bijleveld-Olierook, HCM, . . . Guchelaar, HJ. (2021). 3D printed furosemide and sildenafil tablets: Innovative production and quality control. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 603, 120694.
  36. Lakkala, Preethi, Munnangi, Siva Ram, Bandari, Suresh, & Repka, Michael. (2023). Additive manufacturing technologies with emphasis on stereolithography 3D printing in pharmaceutical and medical applications: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X, 100159.
  37. Mancilla-De-la-Cruz, Jessica, Rodriguez-Salvador, Marisela, An, Jia, & Chua, Chee Kai. (2022). Three-Dimensional Printing Technologies for Drug Delivery Applications: Processes, Materials, and Effects. International Journal of Bioprinting, 8(4).
  38. Mearian, Lucas. (2016). This is the first 3D-printed drug to win FDA approval. Computerworld.
  39. Melnyk, Larissa A, & Oyewumi, Moses O. (2021). Integration of 3D printing technology in pharmaceutical compounding: Progress, prospects, and challenges. Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 4, 100035.
  40. Mobarak, Md Hosne, Islam, Md Aminul, Hossain, Nayem, Al Mahmud, Md Zobair, Rayhan, Md Thohid, Nishi, Nushrat Jahan, & Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman. (2023). Recent advances of additive manufacturing in implant fabrication–A review. Applied Surface Science Advances, 18, 100462.
  41. Mohammed, Abdul Aleem, Algahtani, Mohammed S, Ahmad, Mohammad Zaki, Ahmad, Javed, & Kotta, Sabna. (2021). 3D printing in medicine: Technology overview and drug delivery applications. Annals of 3D Printed Medicine, 4, 100037.
  42. Mohammed, Mazher Iqbal, Tatineni, Joseph, Cadd, Brenton, Peart, Greg, & Gibson, Ian. (2017). Advanced auricular prosthesis development by 3D modelling and multi-material printing. KnE Engineering, 37-43.
  43. Mohapatra, Snehamayee, Kar, Rajat Kumar, Biswal, Prasanta Kumar, & Bindhani, Sabitri. (2022). Approaches of 3D printing in current drug delivery. Sensors International, 3, 100146.
  44. Mostafaei, Amir, Elliott, Amy M, Barnes, John E, Li, Fangzhou, Tan, Wenda, Cramer, Corson L, . . . Chmielus, Markus. (2021). Binder jet 3D printing—Process parameters, materials, properties, modeling, and challenges. Progress in Materials Science, 119, 100707.
  45. Munir, Khurram, Biesiekierski, Arne, Wen, Cuie, & Li, Yuncang. (2020). Selective laser melting in biomedical manufacturing. Metallic biomaterials processing and medical device manufacturing, 235-269.
  46. Nagra, Uzair, Barkat, Kashif, Ashraf, Muhammad U, & Shabbir, Maryam. (2022). Feasibility of enhancing skin permeability of acyclovir through sterile topical lyophilized wafer on self-dissolving microneedle-treated skin. Dose-Response, 20(2), 15593258221097594.
  47. Nouri, Alireza, & Sola, Antonella. (2020). Electron beam melting in biomedical manufacturing Metallic Biomaterials Processing and Medical Device Manufacturing (pp. 271-314): Elsevier.
  48. Parulski, Chloé, Gresse, Eva, Jennotte, Olivier, Felten, Alexandre, Ziemons, Eric, Lechanteur, Anna, & Evrard, Brigitte. (2022). Fused deposition modeling 3D printing of solid oral dosage forms containing amorphous solid dispersions: How to elucidate drug dissolution mechanisms through surface spectral analysis techniques? International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 626, 122157.
  49. Pere, Cristiane Patricia Pissinato, Economidou, Sophia N, Lall, Gurprit, Ziraud, Clémentine, Boateng, Joshua S, Alexander, Bruce D, . . . Douroumis, Dennis. (2018). 3D printed microneedles for insulin skin delivery. International journal of pharmaceutics, 544(2), 425-432.
  50. Pharmaceuticals, A. (2015). FDA approves the first 3D printed drug product. Aprecia Introduces its First Product Using the ZipDose® Formulation Platform for the Treatment of Epilepsy.
  51. Picco, Camila J, Utomo, Emilia, McClean, Andrea, Domínguez-Robles, Juan, Anjani, Qonita Kurnia, Volpe-Zanutto, Fabiana, . . . Donnelly, Ryan F. (2023). Development of 3D-printed subcutaneous implants using concentrated polymer/drug solutions. International journal of pharmaceutics, 631, 122477.
  52. Quodbach, Julian, Bogdahn, Malte, Breitkreutz, Jörg, Chamberlain, Rebecca, Eggenreich, Karin, Elia, Alessandro Giuseppe, . . . Kapote, Dnyaneshwar. (2021). Quality of FDM 3D printed medicines for pediatrics: considerations for formulation development, filament extrusion, printing process and printer design. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 1-19.
  53. Ramezani, Maziar, & Mohd Ripin, Zaidi. (2023). 4D printing in biomedical engineering: Advancements, challenges, and future directions. Journal of functional biomaterials, 14(7), 347.
  54. Reiff, Colin, Wulle, Frederik, Riedel, Oliver, Epple, Stefan, & Onuseit, Volkher. (2014). On inline process control for selective laser sintering. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mass Customization and Personalization–.
  55. Sheha, Evan D, Gandhi, Sapan D, & Colman, Matthew W. (2019). 3D printing in spine surgery. Annals of translational medicine, 7(Suppl 5).
  56. Shinde, Snehal, Mane, Rutuja, Vardikar, Akhilesh, Dhumal, Akash, & Rajput, Amarjitsing. (2023). 4D printing: From emergence to innovation over 3D printing. European Polymer Journal, 112356.
  57. Skowyra, Justyna, Pietrzak, Katarzyna, & Alhnan, Mohamed A. (2015). Fabrication of extended-release patient-tailored prednisolone tablets via fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 68, 11-17.
  58. Sonkamble, Vijayalaxmi, & Phafat, Nitin. (2023). A current review on electron beam assisted additive manufacturing technology: recent trends and advances in materials design. Discover Mechanical Engineering, 2(1), 1.
  59. Suresh, Ganzi, Reddy, M Harinatha, & Gurram, N. (2019). Summarization of 3D-Printing Technology in Processing & Development of Medical Implants. J. Mech. Contin. Math. Sci, 14.
  60. Tabriz, Atabak Ghanizadeh, Kuofie, Hannah, Scoble, James, Boulton, Sam, & Douroumis, Dennis. (2023). Selective Laser Sintering for printing pharmaceutical dosage forms. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 104699.
  61. Tamayo, José A, Riascos, Mateo, Vargas, Carlos A, & Baena, Libia M. (2021). Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy via electron beam melting for the development of implants for the biomedical industry. Heliyon, 7(5).
  62. Tan, Deck Khong, Maniruzzaman, Mohammed, & Nokhodchi, Ali. (2018). Advanced pharmaceutical applications of hot-melt extrusion coupled with fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing for personalised drug delivery. Pharmaceutics, 10(4), 203.
  63. Tedesco, James, Lee, Bryan EJ, Lin, Alex YW, Binkley, Dakota M, Delaney, Kathleen H, Kwiecien, Jacek M, & Grandfield, Kathryn. (2017). Osseointegration of a 3D printed stemmed titanium dental implant: a pilot study. International journal of dentistry, 2017.
  64. Tofail, Syed AM, Koumoulos, Elias P, Bandyopadhyay, Amit, Bose, Susmita, O’Donoghue, Lisa, & Charitidis, Costas. (2018). Additive manufacturing: scientific and technological challenges, market uptake and opportunities. Materials today, 21(1), 22-37.
  65. Tracy, Timothy, Wu, Lei, Liu, Xin, Cheng, Senping, & Li, Xiaoling. (2022). 3D printing: innovative solutions for patients and pharmaceutical industry. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 122480.
  66. Van der Merwe, Jannes, Steenekamp, Jan, Steyn, Dewald, & Hamman, Josias. (2020). The role of functional excipients in solid oral dosage forms to overcome poor drug dissolution and bioavailability. Pharmaceutics, 12(5), 393.
  67. Vatanparast, Somayeh, Boschetto, Alberto, Bottini, Luana, & Gaudenzi, Paolo. (2023). New trends in 4D printing: a critical review. Applied Sciences, 13(13), 7744.
  68. Vaz, Vanessa Marcia, & Kumar, Lalit. (2021). 3D printing as a promising tool in personalized medicine. Aaps Pharmscitech, 22, 1-20.
  69. Wang, Rui. (2019). Development of Continuous Manufacturing Process of Acyclovir Ointment Using Hot-Melt Extrusion.
  70. Wang, Shanshan, Chen, Xuejun, Han, Xiaolu, Hong, Xiaoxuan, Li, Xiang, Zhang, Hui, . . . Zheng, Aiping. (2023). A Review of 3D Printing Technology in Pharmaceutics: Technology and Applications, Now and Future. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 416.
  71. Wang, Zhuxian, Liu, Li, Xiang, Shijian, Jiang, Cuiping, Wu, Wenfeng, Ruan, Shifa, . . . Chen, Huoji. (2020). Formulation and characterization of a 3D-printed cryptotanshinone-loaded niosomal hydrogel for topical therapy of acne. Aaps Pharmscitech, 21, 1-13.
  72. Yankin, Andrei, Alipov, Yerassyl, Temirgali, Ali, Serik, Gaini, Danenova, Saniya, Talamona, Didier, & Perveen, Asma. (2023). Optimization of Printing Parameters to Enhance Tensile Properties of ABS and Nylon Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication. Polymers, 15(14), 3043.
  73. Zhang, Jiumeng, Hu, Qipeng, Wang, Shuai, Tao, Jie, & Gou, Maling. (2020). Digital light processing based three-dimensional printing for medical applications. International journal of bioprinting, 6(1).
  74. Zoabi, Adeeb, Redenski, Idan, Oren, Daniel, Kasem, Adi, Zigron, Asaf, Daoud, Shadi, . . . Srouji, Samer. (2022). 3D printing and virtual surgical planning in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(9), 2385.
  75. Zou, Wuhao, Yu, Haibo, Zhou, Peilin, & Liu, Lianqing. (2019). Tip-assisted electrohydrodynamic jet printing for high-resolution microdroplet deposition. Materials & Design, 166, 107609

Photo
Krutika Agrawal
Corresponding author

Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Photo
Helly Jethva
Co-author

Department of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

K. Agrawal*, H. Jethva, Revolutionary Innovation & Challenges of 3D Printing in Pharmaceutics, Int. J. in Pharm. Sci., 2023, Vol 1, Issue 12, 696-718. https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.10405563

More related articles
A Comparative Study of Diabetic Treatment – Allo...
Angad Bhaskar Newre, Abhay S. Jejurkar, Akash S. Pagar, Akshay S....
Analytical Method Development And Validation Of Ch...
Nilesh G. Ahire, Nikhil Nikam, Sakshi Bhavsar, Rajendra Dighe, Ra...
Synthesis, Characterization And Anti-Bacterial Act...
R.Parasuraman , Vardhineedi Shirisha, K Pavan kumar, N Namitha, M...
A Systemic Review On Diuretic Activities Of Aquatic Plants....
G venkata Karthik Kumar Reddy , Shravya , Sinchana urs K N, Sneha R V, Sneha Binu, Sonam Choedon, ...
Evaluation Of Different Marketed Brands Of Aspirin Tablets Using Quality Contro...
T. Ethiraj, V. Ganesan, M. Amudha, S. Abirami, B. Govendhiran, S. Keerthiga, A. Pastin Manoj, G. San...
Advances in Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs in Pharmaceutical Dev...
Anjali N. Motwani, Pooja R. Hatwar, Dr. Ravindra L. Bakal, ...
Related Articles
Pharmacological Assessment Of Formononetin On Behavior, Cognitive Function And O...
Dr. Manojkumar Mahajan, Roshan wagh, Sumitkumar Sharma, Sunil Pandit, Dr. Aman Upaganlwar, Dr. Chand...
Formulation And Evaluation of Oral Disintegrating Film Containing Brivaracetam...
Nagendra R., Sheetal P., Nanditha V. V., Venkatesh , Hanumanthachar Joshi, ...
Formulation And Evaluation of Nanoparticles: A Review...
Muni Raja Lakshmi K, Lavanya E, Naseema Shaik, Vankata Rao Gadde, ...
Exploring the Potential of Antioxidants in Reducing Free Radicals: A Comprehensi...
Lokesh A. Gurav , Kishan A. Zodage, Amit P. Sinhal , Atish A. Salunkhe, Jitendra D. More, ...
A Comparative Study of Diabetic Treatment – Allopathy vs. Ayurveda...
Angad Bhaskar Newre, Abhay S. Jejurkar, Akash S. Pagar, Akshay S. Gavali, Dr. Rajendra M. Kawde, ...
More related articles
A Comparative Study of Diabetic Treatment – Allopathy vs. Ayurveda...
Angad Bhaskar Newre, Abhay S. Jejurkar, Akash S. Pagar, Akshay S. Gavali, Dr. Rajendra M. Kawde, ...
Analytical Method Development And Validation Of Chloramphenicol Eye Ointment By ...
Nilesh G. Ahire, Nikhil Nikam, Sakshi Bhavsar, Rajendra Dighe, Rashid Azeez, Vinod A. Bairagi, ...
Synthesis, Characterization And Anti-Bacterial Activity Of Novel Chalcone Deriva...
R.Parasuraman , Vardhineedi Shirisha, K Pavan kumar, N Namitha, M Keerthana , N Prashanth reddy, ...
A Comparative Study of Diabetic Treatment – Allopathy vs. Ayurveda...
Angad Bhaskar Newre, Abhay S. Jejurkar, Akash S. Pagar, Akshay S. Gavali, Dr. Rajendra M. Kawde, ...
Analytical Method Development And Validation Of Chloramphenicol Eye Ointment By ...
Nilesh G. Ahire, Nikhil Nikam, Sakshi Bhavsar, Rajendra Dighe, Rashid Azeez, Vinod A. Bairagi, ...
Synthesis, Characterization And Anti-Bacterial Activity Of Novel Chalcone Deriva...
R.Parasuraman , Vardhineedi Shirisha, K Pavan kumar, N Namitha, M Keerthana , N Prashanth reddy, ...