Formulation And Evaluation of Multipurpose Medicated Poly Herbal Soap

Ayurveda is derived from the Sanskrit words "Ayur" (life) and "Veda" (knowledge). Ayurveda is believed to have originated from Brahma (the creator god).(1) It was passed on to his disciple (Daksha Prajapati) who in turn conveyed this treatise to Ashvini Kumara (the God of Health). Who brought the Ayurvedic song of Indra (God of Thunder) to the world. Ayurveda was brought to us by three great sages: Dhanwantri, Bharadwaja and Kashyapa. Indra who acquired this knowledge. Bharadwaja taught it to Atreya Punarvasana and passed it on to his disciple Agnivesha along with a treatise on it which was collected in a book called Charaka Samitha. (2) Ayurveda has a wide and rich tradition that dates back about 3000 years. Ayurveda primarily focuses on herbal remedies, diet and different forms of exercise to boost the body's immunity.(1) Herbal cosmetics is a category of beauty and skin care products that harness the power of natural plant-based ingredients, including a wide variety of elements such as herbs, fruits, flowers, extracts, etc.(2,3) Herbal cosmetics are characterized by their reliance on the original properties of these organic ingredients, making them a holistic alternative in the field of personal hygiene. The premise behind these products' popularity is rooted in the perception that these formulations offer gentler action on the skin, reduced susceptibility to allergic reactions, and a more environmentally friendly approach than traditional products.(4) From emollients and toners to shampoos and serums, this diverse range of products embodies a marriage of scientific innovation and traditional wisdom to enhance the beauty and health of skin and hair through nature-inspired solutions.(5)

1.2 Soap

1. Soap is a salt derived from fatty acids, utilized in various cleaning and lubricating products. Soaps function as surfactants primarily for washing, bathing, and other household tasks.(6,7)They are effective in eliminating dirt, including dust, microorganisms, and unpleasant odors from the skin.(8) Commercial soaps often contain harmful substances such as mercury, aluminum, barium, bisphenol, plastics, and other chemicals, which can be absorbed by the body through internal organs due to vaporization of these substances and skin contact, leading to adverse health effects.(9)

1.3 Herbal Soap

Herbal soap preparations are medicinal products containing antibacterial, anti-aging, antioxidant and antiseptic properties that use mainly plant parts such as seeds, rhizomes, nuts and pulp for the treatment of injuries and diseases or to promote health.[10] Herbal soaps contain less artificial coloring, fragrance, fluoride, etc. compared to the contents of commercial soaps.[11] Herbs are natural products that are mainly used to treat almost all skin diseases and problems due to their medicinal properties, cost-effectiveness, availability and compatibility.[4] Plucea lanceolata is a ancient medicinal plant. having properties like , anti-ageing, anti- oxidant , Antiinflammatory, antimicrobial activity. The leaves of the plant are a source of herbal extract, which used in soap. The anti-aging properties of Rasna nourish the skin and tissue layers and reduce inflammation.[12,13]  Azadirachta indica is one of the best trees in India, known for its medicinal properties. The leaves are the source of neem extract. It is used to treat most of the common problems people face.[14] Ocimum Sanctum has been known and used for centuries for its health, beauty, medicinal and skin care properties. Today, Tulsi is most commonly used in the beauty field. Tulsi contains many potentially active compounds.[15] Santalum albums use many skin problems, such as wrinkles, acne, and dark spots. Sandalwood It contains many pharmacological active ingredients that help solve skin problems. Recent research has focused increasing interest in oxidative stress in biology and medicine in light of its involvement in many diseases, including cancer, aging, and atherosclerosis. Sandalwood has been used for hundreds of years to treat all types of skin diseases, especially Bacterial infection. Sandalwood can reduce the appearance of acne, acne, itching, burn Sensation, rash and sunburn. [16] During the Covids -19, the pandemic can be frequent and an increase in the use of synthetic products for washing can cause cellular damage. The use of synthetic ingredients in soaps causes serious health problems for humans and ecosystems. Therefore, poly herbal soaps developed from natural sources reduce the impact on the environment and improve public health. [17,18]

2 . Plant Profile

2.1 Rasna: Pluchea lanceolata belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is a perennial shrub,which is found mainly in Asian countries (India, Iran, Afghanistan, Western Himalayas) and African countries (Senegal, Chad, Tanzania). The plant grows to a height of 30-60 cm. The stems and branches are cone-shaped, thin and covered with soft hairs. The leaves are 2-6 cm long, stalkless, oblong, leathery, finely silky and hairy on both sides, with entire or vaguely toothed edges near the tip. Traditionally used to treat pain, digestion, gout, coughs and general weakness. [12,13]

2.2 Tulsi: Ocimum Sanctum belongs to the Lamiaceae family. His native land is India. It growing from Himalayas to Andaman and Nicobar Island and several Arab and African countries. This plant is erect branch sub-shrub 30-60cm long with simple oppositegreen and purple leaves that are strongly scented and hairy stem leaves have petiole and areovate up to 5cm long, usually somewhat toothed. Traditionally, it is used for treatment Cough, digestion, heart disease, asthma, respiratory disease, pain, skin disease, kidney Stone, eye infections, and mental disorders are als antibacterial and antiviral. [15]

3.1 MATERIALS

Pluchea lanceolata(Rasna) leaves werecollected from Manas Ayurveda Nagpur. Tulsi and neem leaves were collected from the plant present in Central India College of Pharmacy located in Lonara, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Rasna Plant Identified and confirmed by Dr. Dongalwar, Department of Botany, Nagpur University, RTMNU, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.  Sandalwood powder was collected from a local Nagpur market.

3.2. Pharmacognostical Profile of Activeingredients

Table no 1: Pharmacognostical profile of active ingredients.

4 Extractions of Materials

4.1 Rasna Extraction:

The Rasna extraction process is carried out by Soxhlet extraction method. The leaves of Rasna and tulsi were collected and dried in a hot air oven. Dried leaves were ground into powder using a mortar and pestle. Approximately 10g of powder sample was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus. In ethanol solvent at room temperature. Filter with Whatman Filter Paper. The filtered extract was concentrated in drought. Store in the refrigerator until further use. [18,19]

The extraction process is medicinal. Neem and Tulsi leaves are collected and dried in a hot air oven. Dried leaves are crushed with a mortar and pestle to powder form. 25g of powder is poured into vial containing iodine and 150ml of hydro-ethanol solvent mixed in a ratio of 30:70. Store in a dark place at room temperature for 7 days. Filter through whatman filter paper. Concentrate the filtered extract to dryness. Store in the refrigerator until ready to use. [18,19]

Table no 3 Formula for poly herbal soap

5.1 Soap Base:

The glycerin soap base was collected from Vedanum Ayurveda.

5.2 Poly Herbal Soap Formulation Procedure:

Put the necessary amount of soap base in a 500 ml beaker and keep the temperature high enough to heat the soap base on a water bath without stirring in order to make poly herbal soap. After then, the soap base will change into a liquid. Add all of the components to the mixture mentioned above as well. To get the right mixture, bring the mixture to a boil on the water bath without stirring. After that, the mixture was put into the soap mold and left for six to seven hours.[20]

6 Evaluation Parameters

6.1 Colour and Shape: The colour and shape were verified by the naked eye.

6.2 Odour: The odour of the composition is determined by applying the preparation to the hands and smelling the perfume.

6.3 pH: The pH of the prepared soap was assessed by contacting the freshly prepared soap with pH paper and dissolving 1 gram in 10 ml of water using a digital pH meter.[21]

6.6 Irritation: It is carried out by applying soap on the skin for 10 minutes. If no irritation then it is considered as non-irritant product.

6.8 Total Fatty Matter (TFM): Take 5g of soap sample and added to 100ml of distilled water until the soap was dissolved. Add methyl orange and 50ml of sulphuric acid (50%), Once the phase split up then transfer the solution after cooling into the separating funnel. Next, add the oil ether to the separation funnel now, separate the water layer and the fat layer, and remove water. Clean the layer and oil ether, separate the layer, and wash the final wash with water. Put 3-4 g of sodium sulfate on a filter paper and filter the fat layer. Then weigh the empty beaker, transfer the fat layer to the beaker, and heat the fat layer until the petroleum ether evaporates. Add 2-3 ml of acetone and leave it in a hot air oven at 90°C to 100°C for up to 1 hour. after that cool it in desiccator and weigh the beaker.[24]

Formula for calculating TFM

       
           
       
       
           
       
6.9alcohol Insoluble Substance: Place 5 g of sample in a conical flask, add 50 ml of warm ethanol and shake vigorously until the sample is completely dissolved. The solution was filtered through a tared filter paper along with 20 ml warm ethanol and dried it at 105°C for 1 h. The weight of dried paper was noted [25]

       
           
       
7. Prepared Formulations

       
           
       
 (Bar graph of potential of hydrogen present in each formulation of soap)

9.1 Collection Of Bacteria: Gram positive (+) bacteria (S. aureus) and Gram negative (-) bacteria (e. coli) were collected from Vishakha Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Dharampet Nagpur, Lokmat Bhawan,

9.2 Antimicrobial Activity: The Antibacterial activity of Soap form was evaluated by agar well diffusion method against bacterial strain gram +ve staphylococcus aureus and gram - ve Ecoli, The autoclaved nutrient agar medium was poured into sterile petriplate followed by swabbing of bacterial colony from the inoculum of test microorganism on prepared media plates. It was followed by pouring a test sample (30 ug/ml)Intothe well Of seeded agar plates. All the plates were incubated at 37 degree celsius. After incubation the antibacterial activity of given soapwas evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition In mm. [26,27]

The table above describes the color, odor, form, pH, irritation, lather height, and lather retention of poly-herbal soap. The color of all four formulas was dark green. The smell of the four formulas was aromatic. The shape of the four formulas was different. According to the evaluation tests, F4 formulation is perhaps the most standard formulation compared to other formulations because the pH of F4 formulation is 8.85, which is probably close to the pH of skin and there is no irritation apart from foam retention and the foaming ability of F4 is perhaps much better than other formulations.