Formulation And Evaluation of Anti-Aging Cream Activity of Tagetus Erecta and Beetroot

Fine lines, wrinkles, and pigmentation are all results of aging, a natural process that alters the skin's suppleness, moisture, and general appearance. Because of their strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-rejuvenating qualities, natural ingredients like beetroot and Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold) have become popular in skincare products to fight these indications of aging. A potent, chemical-free remedy for preserving young, glowing skin is an anti-aging cream made with Tagetes erecta and beets. Characteristics aid in lowering environmental stresses that hasten aging, as well as redness and inflammation. Its UV-protective ingredients also protect the skin from damaging UV rays, which lowers the chance of wrinkles, dark spots, and photoaging. In contrast, beetroot is a superfood for the skin, full of vital minerals, betalains, vitamin C, and polyphenols that improve skin moisture, encourage the production of collagen, and lighten the complexion. One of beetroot's main ingredients, vitamin C, promotes the formation of collagen, which keeps skin supple and firm while lessening the visibility of wrinkles Tagetes erecta and beetroot work together as an anti-aging cream to promote suppleness, defend against environmental damage, and restore skin vitality. Because it supports long-term skin health and regeneration while supplying vital nutrients to the skin, this natural formulation is especially helpful for people who want to stay away from synthetic chemicals. The cream is a great option for anyone looking for a mild yet efficient anti-aging treatment because it helps fight sagging, fine lines, and dryness. Skin that is smoother, firmer, and looks younger can be achieved with regular use of this nourishing and revitalizing cream. The combination of Tagetes erecta and beetroot stands out as a viable, environmentally safe, and efficient alternative for naturally preserving healthy, bright skin in light of the growing demand for plant-based skincare products. The harsh chemicals, artificial perfumes, and artificial preservatives found in many commercial anti-aging lotions have the potential to irritate or harm skin over time. A safer, chemical-free substitute that nourishes the skin with vital nutrients and shields it from environmental harm is a natural anti-aging lotion made with Tagetes erecta and beets. Additionally, botanical-based skincare is sustainable and environmentally friendly, promoting clean beauty trends that highlight components derived from plants. A natural formulation encourages long-term skin health, guaranteeing noticeable and long-lasting changes, in contrast to synthetic anti-aging therapies that might only produce short-term effects. An extremely powerful, all-natural way to fight the indications of aging is with an anti-aging cream enhanced with Tagetes erecta and beetroot. This composition helps maintain firm, moisturized, and youthful skin while guarding against environmental damage and oxidative stress by utilizing the power of antioxidants, vitamins, and collagen-boosting components. This cream is a great option for people looking for a sustainable, natural, and effective anti-aging skincare solution because it may brighten the complexion, minimize wrinkles, and enhance the texture of the skin overall.

Mechanism:

The structure, flexibility, and general appearance of the skin are all impacted by the intricate biological process of aging. Wrinkles, fine lines, sagging, and pigmentation are the results of changes in the skin over time, including decreased cell regeneration, increased oxidative stress, decreased moisture, and collagen breakdown. In order to assist restore skin health and preserve a youthful appearance, anti-aging creams are made with bioactive components that target these aging processes. Numerous important processes, including as collagen stimulation, antioxidant protection, hydration, cellular repair, and UV protection, can be used to explain how anti-aging creams work.

1. Promotion of the Production of Collagen and Elastin

The vital structural proteins collagen and elastin are in charge of preserving the firmness, elasticity, and resilience of skin. These proteins are produced less frequently as we age, which causes sagging, wrinkles, and a decrease in the plumpness of our skin. Collagen-boosting chemicals used in anti-aging lotions increase fibroblast activity, which in turn increases the production of these proteins.
 

2. Defense Against Free Radicals by Antioxidants

Unstable chemicals known as free radicals induce oxidative stress, which damages DNA, causes inflammation, and accelerates aging. Collagen and elastin are broken down by free radicals, which are produced more quickly by environmental factors such pollution, UV radiation, and pollutants. Strong antioxidants included in anti-aging lotions shield skin cells from oxidative damage, neutralize free radicals, and more.

3. Retention of Moisture and Deep Hydration

Hydration is necessary to keep skin young, plump, and smooth. The skin's natural capacity to hold onto moisture declines with age, resulting in roughness, flakiness, and dryness. Humectants, emollients, and occlusives are ingredients found in anti-aging creams that hydrate the skin, enhance moisture retention, and stop trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL).

4. Cell Repair and Regeneration

As people age, their skin's cell turnover slows down, resulting in uneven pigmentation, rough texture, and dullness. Anti-aging creams aim to replace damaged skin cells with new, healthy ones by promoting cellular regeneration and repair.

5. Defense Against Photoaging Caused by UV

One of the main factors for accelerated aging is UV radiation, which also contributes to dark spots, wrinkles, and decreased skin flexibility. Broad-spectrum UV filters and organic photoprotective components are two components of anti-aging lotions that protect the skin from damaging UV radiation.

Clinical Uses:

• Tagetes Erecta

Tagetes erecta (marigold)-based anti-aging lotions have a number of potential therapeutic advantages, particularly in the fields of dermatology and cosmetic skin care. Because Tagetes erecta contains bioactive substances like flavonoids, carotenoids, and essential oils, it can be used in therapeutic settings to treat a range of aging-related skin issues.

These are the main clinical applications:

1. Skin Firming and Wrinkle Reduction
2. Skin Healing and Regeneration
3. Hyperpigmentation Reduction
4.  Protection of Antioxidants from Environmental Stressors
5. Hydration and Moisture Retention of the Skin
6. Therapy for Aging-Related Skin Conditions
7. Improving Skin Texture and Tone:

Beetroot

1. Antioxidant Defense Against Aging Skin
2. Increasing the Production of Collagen for Firmer Skin
3. Retention of Hydration and Moisture
4. Brightening of the Skin and Reduction of Pigmentation
5. Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Properties
6. Enhancement of Blood Circulation and Detoxification

Physiology of Skin

The largest organ in the body, the skin makes up around 15% of an adult's total weight. Apart from providing defense against external physical, chemical, and biological threats, it also carries out several essential tasks, including as assisting with thermoregulation and preventing excessive water loss.  The mucous membranes that cover the body's surface form a continuous layer of skin.
The skin and its associated tissues make up the integumentary system.The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue are the three layers that make up the skin. The outermost layer, or epidermis, is made up of a particular type of cell called keratinocytes, which generate the protective protein keratin, which is a long, thread-like strand. The main component of the dermis, or middle layer, is collagen, a fibrillar structural protein. The dermis is located on the panniculus, or subcutaneous tissue, which is made up of tiny fat cell lobes called lipocytes. The position of these layers inside the body's architecture has a significant impact on their thickness.
For instance, the epidermal layer of the palms and soles of the feet has the thickest layer, measuring around 1.5 mm, while the eyelid has the thinnest layer, measuring less than 0.1 mm.

Figure 1

The epidermis is outermost layer of skin. It contains three distinct cell types:
a) Squamous cells.

The outermost layer that is continuously removed is called the stratum corneum.
b) Base cells.

 Basal cells are found at the base of the epidermis, just below the squamous cells.
c) Melanocytes.

At the base of the epidermis are melanocytes, which are responsible for producing melanin. This is what gives the skin its color.

• Dermis:

The dermis is the primary layer of the skin. The dermis contains blood arteries, lymph vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, collagen bundles, fibroblasts, nerves, and sebaceous glands.
Collagen is the type of protein that keeps the dermis together. The skin gets its strength and suppleness from this layer.

• Subcutaneous Fat Layer:

The skin’s lowest layer is the subcutaneous fat layer. It is made up of a network of fat cells and collagen. By serving as a shock absorber, it shields the body from harm and aids in preserving body heat.
Functions of skin:

• Protection
• Thermoregulation
• Sensation 
• Excretion
• Vitamin D

 Aim and Objectives:

Aim: The primary aim of this research is to formulate, evaluate, and develop a natural anti-aging cream using the synergistic properties of Tagtes erecta and Beetroot.

Objectives:

1. Reduces Wrinkles and Fine Lines:

By boosting circulation and stimulating skin regeneration with the rejuvenating qualities of beets and Tagetes erecta, the result is firmer, smoother skin.

2. Encourages Skin Hydration and Elasticity:

It is well recognized that these substances offer nutrients and moisture that enhance skin elasticity, maintaining the skin’s suppleness and young appearance

3. Offers Antioxidant Protection:

Tagetes erecta possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities that shield skin from early aging, while beetroot is high in vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, which aids in the fight against free radicals.

4. Soothes and Revitalizes the Skin:

Tagetes erecta’s calming qualities can aid in lowering inflammation and irritation, relieving sensitive skin and encouraging a bright, youthful complexion.

5. Natural and Safe Skin Care:

Develop a mild yet potent cream devoid of dangerous ingredients that is safe for everyday use and advantageous for all skin types, particularly those exhibiting early aging symptoms.

4. Drug Profile

• Tagtes Erecta ^[3]

Binomial Name: Tagtes erecta

Table: 01

Figure 2

Synonyms: African marigold, American marigold,

Mexican marigold.

• Beetroot ^[12]

Binomial Name: Beta vulgaris

Table: 02

Figure 3

Synonyms: European sugar beet, Harvard beet, Spinach beetroot.

• Tagtes Erecta ^[1-10]

African marigold, or Tagetes erecta, is a medicinal plant that is utilized extensively for its pharmacological and cosmetic properties. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-aging qualities are attributed to its abundance of bioactive phytochemicals, such as terpenoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, essential oils, and phenolic compounds. Tagetes erecta is a crucial component of skincare, cosmetics, and traditional medicine because of these chemicals.
Phytochemistry ^[1]

1. Carotenoids: Skin Protection & Antioxidant
Tagetes erecta's yellow-orange hue is caused by natural pigments called carotenoids. They are essential for preventing UV damage and counteracting oxidative stress.

2. Flavonoids: Skin Repair & Anti-Inflammatory
Polyphenolic substances called flavonoids have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-protective qualities.

3.The Hydrating and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oils
Bioactive terpenes and monoterpenoids, which have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and moisturizing qualities, are present in Tagetes erecta essential oil.

4. Phenolic Compounds: Skin Healing & DNA Protection
Tagetes erecta contains phenolic chemicals that have potent anti-aging and antioxidant properties that support skin regeneration and DNA protection.

5.Terpenoids: Wrinkle Reduction & Collagen Synthesis
Bioactive substances called terpenoids increase the production of collagen, increase the suppleness of the skin, and lessen wrinkles.

• Beetroot ^[13]

1.Betalains, which include betacyanins and betaxanthins,

2.Phenolic Substances (Ferulic Acid, Gallic Acid, Caffeic Acid, and Chlorogenic Acid).
3.Anti-aging: Prevents fine wrinkles and preserves collagen.

4.Flavonoids (myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol)

5.Carotenoids (zeaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene)
6.Nitrates in the Diet
7.Minerals & Vitamins (Folic Acid, Iron, Magnesium, Vitamin C, B6)
8.Brightens Skin: Diminishes dark spots and pigmentation.

1. Experimental Studies:

1. METHODOLOGY:

• Tagetes erecta
• Beetroot
• Aloe vera
• Liquid Paraffin
• Borax
• Methyl Paraben
• Rose Oil

5. Preparation of Extract:

Petals from 10 gm of marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta) were ground into a fine powder in a motar and pestel after being allowed to dry naturally in the sun. For four days at room temperature, the powder was macerated with 50 ml of the solvent system (30:70 water: ethanol).

5. Preparation of Anti-aging Cream

• Each component was carefully weighed.
• Maintain the temperature at 75°C while heating liquid paraffin and beeswax in a borosilicate glass beaker. (The oil phase)
• Dissolve borax and methyl parabean in distilled water.
• The mixture should then be heated to 75°C until the methylparaben and borax are completely dissolved and a clear solution is obtained. (Phase of water)
  Add this aqueous phase to the oily phase gradually.
• Next, add a measured amount of Tagetes erecta and beetroot extract, and mix vigorously until a creamy cream develops.
• As a scent, add enough drops of rose oil. Put the cream on the slab and add a few drops of distilled water if necessary.
• To get a smooth texture and make sure all the ingredients are well blended, mix the cream in a geometric design on the slab.

5. Formulation of preparation of Anti-aging Cream

A number of quality control procedures, such as visual inspection and physiochemical and conditioning performance testing, were carried out to assess the developed formulation's

Organoleptic Properties:

Screening Of Cream Formulation Phytochemically

5. Procedure Of Phytochemical Tests

Table: 06

Herbal medicines are extracted using a variety of methods, including decoction, percolation, and maceration. Other methods include microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and Soxhlet extraction.

• Solvent Extraction Method: This method uses ethanol (alcohol) or other solvents to extract the bioactive ingredients from dried calendula petals. The solvent extraction method is a well-liked and efficient technique for extracting bioactive compounds from plant materials like calendula officinalis and cinnamon. A solvent, typically alcohol (like ethanol), is used to dissolve the plant material’s active components, which can then be added to lotions, tinctures, and other preparations.

• Solvent Extraction Method:

This method uses ethanol (alcohol) or other solvents to extract the bioactive ingredients from dried calendula flowers. The solvent extraction method is a well-liked and efficient technique for extracting bioactive compounds from plant materials like calendula officinalis and cinnamon. A solvent, typically alcohol (like ethanol), is used to dissolve the plant material’s active components, which can then be added to lotions, tinctures, and other preparations.

Materials Required:

1. Plant material, such as dried Tagetes erecta or Beetroot.
2. Solvent (often ethanol or an ethanol-water blend)
3. A glass container or jar with a cover that fits snugly
4. Cheesecloth or a strainer (for filtration)
5. Mortar and pestle for crushing plant material
6. Distilled water (for dilution, if necessary)
7. Measuring tools, such as graduated cylinders and pipettes
8. Storage containers (for the extracted final product)
9. Stirring rod or shaker (optional)

• Procedure for Extracting Solvents

1. Preparation of Plant Material
2. Selecting the Right Solvent
3. Blending Plant Material with Solven
4. Maceration, or infusion
5. Filtration
6. Storage

3. Beneficial Properties Of ‘Powder of The Drugs’

Powdered forms of herbal remedies, such as Tagetes erecta and Beetroot, retain many of the bioactive compounds present in the plant material and offer several benefits. When added to lotions, oils, or even consumed as teas or capsules, these powders can have medicinal effects.

1. An extractive soluble in alcohol

100 milliliters of 90% alcohol were added to a Stoppard conical flask containing five grams of properly weighed powdered medication. An electric shaker was used to continually shake the mixture for six hours, after which it was allowed to macerate overnight. The filter was then carefully evaporated until it was dry, and the extract’s weight and % were determined.

Alcohol-Soluble Extractive: (Extractive Weight/Drug Weight) X 100

2. Water-soluble extractive

One hundred milliliters of chloroform water were added to a Stoppard conical flask that held five grams of precisely weighed powdered medication. After six hours of constant shaking in an electric shaker, the flask was allowed to macerate overnight. After thorough filtering, the extract was evaporated until it was completely dry. The extract’s weight was determined, and its percentage was computed.

Weight of extractive / Weight of drug X 100 equals Water-Soluble Extractive.

3. Total Ash

After weighing three grams of the drug, it was burned in a China dish at a temperature of no more than 450°C until all of the carbon had been removed. The material was weighed once more after cooling.

Total Ash = Wt. of ash /Wt. of drug x 100

4. Acid Insoluble Ash

The whole amount of ash was produced after boiling with 25 milliliters of diluted hydrochloric acid for five minutes. After that, the insoluble residue was moved to a Gooch crucible, cleaned with hot water, and burned until the weight remained constant.

Both beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and Tagetes erecta (Marigold) are abundant in bioactive substances that have a variety of medicinal uses. Both are powerful anti-aging products; beetroot, which is high in betalains and vitamin C, promotes collagen production and minimizes fine lines, while Tagetes erecta, which contains lutein and flavonoids that guard against UV-induced skin damage, minimize wrinkles, and increase skin elasticity. By neutralizing free radicals, their antioxidant qualities stop oxidative stress and accelerated aging. Both plants are beneficial for calming irritated or inflamed skin because they also have anti-inflammatory properties. While beetroot, with its iron and nitrates, enhances blood circulation and tissue repair, Tagetes erecta's antibacterial and tissue-regenerating qualities aid in a quicker recovery from wounds. Beetroot improves skin radiance by increasing blood flow, while marigold's inherent colors help even out uneven skin tone. Both plants promote skin brightening. Their ability to detoxify helps to eliminate toxins, which is good for the skin and general health. Beyond skincare, these plants support cardiovascular health. Marigold keeps plaque from accumulating in arteries, while beetroot lowers blood pressure due to its nitrate content. Furthermore, their immune-boosting properties promote general health; for example, beetroot supplies vitamin C and iron, while marigold contains antibacterial components that aid in the battle against infections. Additionally, beetroot's antioxidants further guard against macular degeneration, while Tagetes erecta's lutein and zeaxanthin improve eye health. A variety of therapeutic advantages for skin health and renewal are offered by an anti-aging lotion made with Tagetes erecta (Marigold) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris). By encouraging collagen synthesis and improving skin elasticity, this antioxidant-rich combination—which includes lutein, flavonoids, betalains, and vitamin C—helps fight oxidative stress and reduce wrinkles, fine lines, and sagging. While Tagetes erecta's essential oils fortify the skin barrier and seal in moisture, beetroot's natural humectants profoundly hydrate the skin and prevent dryness. Both components also provide UV protection; beetroot restores UV damage and brightens the skin, while marigold's carotenoids function as natural sunscreens, reducing sun-induced aging and pigmentation. The cream is perfect for acne-prone or irritated skin because of its anti-inflammatory qualities, which reduce redness, inflammation, and sensitivity. Additionally, marigold's antimicrobial and wound-healing qualities promote skin restoration by lessening uneven tone, blemishes, and scars. This anti-aging lotion is a natural and efficient remedy for age-related skin issues because it leaves skin firmer, moisturized, and younger with regular usage.

5. Toxicity

Tagetes erecta

1. Phototoxicity and Skin: Photosensitivity:

When applied to skin exposed to sunlight, the photosensitive chemicals in marigold can result in burns, redness, and irritation.
Contact Dermatitis: People who are sensitive to plants in the Asteraceae family (such as daisies and chrysanthemums) may experience itching, rashes, or swelling.

2.  Harm to the Respiratory System

Particularly in people with asthma or pollen allergies, inhaling pollen or essential oil vapors might result in coughing, sneezing, or congestion of the nose.
Sensitive people may experience headaches or lightheadedness after prolonged exposure to marigold vapors.

C. Toxicology of the Digestive System

Overconsumption of essential oils or marigold extracts might result in diarrhea, vomiting, or nausea.When used in excess, certain chemicals in marigold may hinder the absorption of medications.

D. Impact on the Liver and Kidney

Although it is uncommon, some research indicates that excessive dosages of marigold extracts may have minor nephrotoxic (kidney) or hepatotoxic (liver) consequences.

Beetroot

1. Toxicity from Oxalate and Kidney Stones

People who are prone to calcium oxalate stones may develop kidney stones as a result of the high oxalates found in beetroot.
Beetroot consumption should be restricted in people with a history of kidney stones.
 Effects of Blood Pressure (Hypotension)

Nitrates, which are abundant in beetroot, are converted to nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and lowers blood pressure.
Particularly for those on blood pressure medication, excessive intake might result in hypotension (low blood pressure), lightheadedness, and fainting.
Beeturia (discoloration of the stool and red urine)

Beeturia, characterized by crimson or pink urine and feces, can result from consuming large amounts of beetroot.

6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Evaluation studies of prepared formulations:

Numerous evaluation studies are carried out to guarantee the safety, stability, and effectiveness of an anti-aging cream that contains beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and Tagetes erecta (Marigold). These investigations evaluate physicochemical, microbiological, and performance-related factors to ascertain the efficacy and quality of the formulation

1. Physical Appearance:

The color, smell, and consistency of the prepared wound healing cream were examined visually.