Evaluation of Antihemolytic Activity by Prosopis Juliflora

Prosopis juliflora, the largest and most global of the Prosopis juliflora family, is perhaps the most common in the Mediterranean. It is a member of the Mimosaceae family. This upright annual plant is well-known around the world for its traditional therapeutic purposes, which include headache treatment, antimalarial effects, and general pain reduction. Antioxidant, anticancer, digestive, purgative, emollient, blood purifier, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, diuretic toothache cure, sedative, heart medication, narcotic, and pesticide. Using hypotonic solution and H2O2-induced haemolysis, the study's objective was to screen the plant for its phytochemical contents in aqueous and methanolic extracts and assess the extracts' haemolytic and anti-hemolytic properties in vitro.

ANTIHAEMOLYTIC

Hemolytic Activity

When the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) is broken, haemoglobin and other internal components are released into the surrounding fluid, a process known as haemolysis. Several hazardous compounds have been screened for using the assessment of in vitro haemolytic activity. The extract contains phytochemicals that may have haemolytic properties. As a result, a number of writers have used in vitro haemolysis experiments to assess the toxicity of various plants.

PROSOPIS JULIFLORA

Prosopis juliflora is a type of mesquite that belongs to the Mimosaceae family of shrubs and small trees. It is indigenous to the Caribbean, South America, and Mexico. In Australia, Asia, Africa, and other places, it has established itself as an invasive weed. The mesquite tree can reach a height of 12 meters (39 feet) with a trunk diameter of up to 1.2 meters (3.9 feet). Its light green, bipinnate, deciduous leaves have 12 to 20 leaflets. Shortly after the formation of leaves, flowers emerge. The blooms are green, yellow, cylindrical spikes that are 5–10 cm long and are found at the tips of branches in clusters of two to five. Each pod contains 10 to 30 seeds and is 20 to 30 cm long. Hundreds of thousands of seeds can be produced by an adult plant. For up to ten years, seeds can still be used. Instead of reproducing vegetatively, the tree uses seeds. Cattle and other animals that eat the seed pods disperse the seeds through their droppings. In an open-pit mine close to Tucson, Arizona, its roots were found in 1960 at a depth of 53 meters (175 feet), demonstrating its ability to grow to a great depth in quest of water.  The tree, which is today known as vanni-andara or katuandarain in Sinhala, is thought to have been brought to Sri Lanka in the 1800s. P. juliflora is said to have existed and even been acknowledged as a sacred tree in ancient India, however this is probably a mistake for Prosopis cineraria. The Vanni and Mannar regions are thought to have had the tree for a very long period. The internodes of this species are thornless, but the nodes have pairs of thorns. It might also be nearly thornless.

Forage, wood, and environmental management are some of its applications. The plant's heartwood contains an unusually high concentration of flavanol (-)-mesquitol, which translates to "the unknown." It is known as trupillo orturpío in the Wayuu language, which is spoken in northern Colombia and Venezuela on the La Guajira Peninsula.There are many colloquial names for Prosopis juliflora, but the only commonly used English term is mesquite, which is used for a number of Prosopis species. It is known as bayawonn in Creole, bayarone Française in French, and bayahondablanca in Spanish. Other comparable names, such as bayahonde, bayahonda, and bayarone, can also be applied to any other Neotropical species of the genus Prosopis. Around the world, the tree is referred to by a variety of other names, such as algarrobe, cambrón, cashaw, àinard, mesquite, mostrenco, or mathenge. Since it is the most well-known and prevalent species of Prosopis throughout much of its range, many of the less specific names are just "the" bayahonde, algarrobe, etc. to the locals.Although the term "velvet mesquite" is sometimes used in English, it actually refers to Prosopisvelutina, a distinct species.

About Prosopisjuliflora Plant

Figure: 1

• Habit: A Small evergreen tree, armed or unarmed.
• Leaves: Bipinnate, sessile, oblong, glabrous leaflets with four to six pairs of pinnae.
• Inflorescence: Axillary pendent spikes.
• Flowers: Yellow coloured.
• Fruit: Pods pendent slightly curved.
• Flowering and Fruiting Time : August – May

Significance:

• The species is mostly utilised as fuel wood.
• Additionally, low-quality furniture is made from the wood.
• It is known that the plant is cultivated to reclaim ground.
• Cattle can feed on the leaves.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Plant materials

The leaves of Prosopis juliflora were gathered from a rural part of Vita. Dr. S. M. Shendage, an assistant professor of botany at Balwant College Vita, identified and verified the plant. The leaves of P. juliflora were air-dried for fifteen days in the shade with adequate ventilation before being processed into a fine powder in a mill to prepare extracts.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING

Test for Alkaloids

Test for Flavonoids

Test for Saponins

Test for Steroids and Terpenoids

Test for Tannins

Test for Phenols

Test for Glycosides

REAGENT PREPARATION

Ethanol

Sodium Chloride

WORKING PROCEDURE

0. ml of a test sample at varying concentrations, 0.5 ml of a 10% HRBC solution, and 0.5 ml of hypo saline (NaCl 0.03%) make up the mixed reaction. Extracts weren't used to prepare the control. After 30 minutes of incubation at 37°C, the mixture was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2500 rpm. Using spectrophotometry, the amount of haemoglobin in the supernatant solution was calculated at 540 nm. Using the following formula, the percentage of haemolysis and membrane stabilisation or protection was determined:
0. Hemolysis % = (Absorbance of test sample/

                      Absorbance of control) x 100

  Protection % = 100 (Hemolysis) 

OBSERVATION

Table No. 1 Absorbance of Sample