View Article

Abstract

Poison is a substance that, even when used in small doses, can result in harm, disease, or death. In terms of total global deaths, poisoning ranks as the 45th most serious public health issue. Suicidal, homicidal/criminal, and unintentional poisonings are the most frequent types. OP insecticides are widely available and could be abused for suicidal purposes. Supportive measures, prompt gastrointestinal (GI) decontamination, extracorporeal techniques of toxin elimination, and antidote delivery form the basis of treatment. Establishing suitable regulations, including new guidelines and updates to current treatment protocols, counseling and educating the public about the dangers of poisoning and the safe use and storage of chemicals.

Keywords

Poison, acute poisoning, classification, chemicals, organophosphates, suicide, mortality, stomach wash, activated charcoal, medico legal aspects, stabilization, prevention, poison information Centre

Reference

  1. Gautam Biswas.General Toxicology, In: A Text Book of Review of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2nd Edition. New Delhi: Jaypee; 2012.p.411-425. 
  2. V. V. Pillay. General Principles, In: A Text Book of Modern Medical Toxicology, 4th Edition. New Delhi: Jaypee; 2013.p.3-36. 
  3. Krishnan Vij, Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology: Principles and Practice,Chapter 30 p. 429, Basic Consideration in Drugs/Chemicals, 5th edn., (Elsevier, 2011). 
  4. Persson H, Sjöberg G, Haines J, Pronczuk de Garbino J. Poisoning Severity Score: Grading of acute poisoning. J Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology (1998) 36:205-13. 
  5. Dr G.S Bajpai, Dr Mamatha, Forensic Toxicology and Classification of Poisons, LAW/CJA/VIII /9;MHRD,gov.in. 
  6. Sumbria Tarlok* Sharma Amit1, Prabhakar Shina1, Kosey, Sourabh1, Devgan Shalini2, Introduction to Poisoning; A Systematic Review, International Journal of Pharmacy Teaching & Practices 2015, Vol.6, Issue 4, 2615-.2619 
  7. Toxicological Chemistry, LVIV–2009, Universitatis Medici Leopoliensis Sigillum. AD 1784 
  8. World Health Organization. World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs sustainable development goals; 2016.
  9. Smith CS. The teaching of toxicology. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 1930 Aug; 19(8):897-901. 
  10. Cibisev A, Nikolova-Todorova Z, Bozinovska C, Petrovski D, Spasovski G. Epidemiology of severe poisonings caused by ingestion of caustic substances. Prilozi. 2007; 28:171–183.
  11. R.C. Gupta, Veterinary Toxicology Basic and Clinical Principles, Chapter 1, 1 st edi., (Elsevier, 2007). 
  12. Heard K, Bebarta VS. Reliability of the Glasgow Coma Scale for the emergency department evaluation of poisoned patients. Human & experimental toxicology. 2004 Apr;23(4):197-200. 
  13. Aggarwal A, Chikara A. Common principles of management of poisoning. Indian Journalof Medical Specialties. 2018 Jul 1; 9(3):p107-120 
  14. Morrison EE, Sandilands EA. Principles of management of the poisoned patient. Medicine. 2020 Mar 1; 48(3):160-4 
  15. Ponampalam R, Anantharaman V. The Management of Poisoning. A Clinical Approachto Medicine. 2001 Jan 30:191. 
  16. Willis GA. Poisoning: general principles of management.1978.
  17. Singh DP, Aacharya RP. Pattern of poisoning cases in Bir Hospital. Journal of institute of medicine. 2007 Jan 22; 28(1).
  18. Ramesha KN, Rao KB, Kumar GS. Pattern and outcome of acute poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka, India. Indian journal of critical care medicine: peerreviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine. 2009 July; 13(3):152. 
  19. Raut A, Pawar A, Shaj K, Dave P. Treatment approaches for management of poisonings in India. Ann Public Health Res. 2017; 4(4):1068. 
  20. Budhathoki S, P.Poudel, D Shah, NK Bhatta, GS Shah, KK Bhurtyal, B Agrawal, MK Shrivastava and MK Singh. Clinical profile and outcome of children presenting with poisoning or intoxication, a hospital based study. Nepal med coll J 2009; 11(3): 170-175. 
  21. Sharma BR, Harish D, Sharma V, Vij K: Poisoning in northern India: changingtrends, causes and prevention thereof. Med Sci Law 2002, 42:251-257. 
  22. Ariens, Everhard; A.M. Simonis; and J. Offermeir. Introduction to General Toxicology. Academic Press, New York, NY, 1976. 
  23. Rajanandh MG,Santhosh S, Ramasamy C. Prospective analysis of poisoning cases in asuper speciality hospital in India. J of pharmacology and toxicology,2013; 8(2):60-66. 
  24. Levine RR, Walsh CT, Schwartz-Bloom RD. editors. Pharmacology: Drug Actions and Reactions. 7th ed. CRC Press; 2000. 
  25. World Health Organization. International Programme on Chemical Safety: Poisoning Prevention and Management. Available from: http://www.who.int/ipcs/poisons/en/. [Last accessed on 10 Jan 2017] 
  26. Kumar SV, Venkateswarlu B, Sasikala M, Kumar GV. A study on poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital. J Nat Sci Biol Med2010;1:35-9. 
  27. World Health Organization. Media Centre. Suicide: Fact sheet; 2016. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs398/en/. [Last accessed on 10 Jan 2017]. 
  28. Acharya S, Lakshminarayana K, Sharanappa. Assessment of poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital. IJBR, 2014; 5(9):578-581. 
  29. Karikalan T, Murugan M. Profile of poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital, Tamilnadu. J of Evolution of Med and Dent Sci,2014; 3(56):12754-12760. 
  30. Hakim A, Khurshid R, Mufti S, Krishan K, Singh Y.Pattern, profile and outcome of poisoning cases: a study at a large teaching hospital in India. JK practitioner, 2014; 19(1-2): 36-40. 
  31. Kavalci G, Ethemolglu FB, Kavalci C. Characteristics of poisoning cases in Ankara Turkey. J of Emerg Med, 2008; 5(1):17-19. 
  32. Poison Severity Score. IPCS/EAPCCT Grading of acute poisoning. J Toxicology- clinical toxicology, 1998; 36:205-213. 
  33. A Sharma, V Pandit. Importance of poison information centre and role of a pharmacist in information centre and management of poisoning International Journal of Pharmacy Teaching Practices,2014;5(1)905 909.
  34. Schmertmann M, Williamson A, Black D. Stable age pattern supports role of development in unintentional childhood poisoning. Injury Prevention, 2008; 14:30-33. 
  35. Churi S, Harsha CS, Ramesh M. Patterns of poison information queries received by a newly established South Indian Poison Information Center. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2012;5:79-82.

Photo
SK. Manisha
Corresponding author

Hindu College of Pharmacy, Amaravathi Road, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Photo
P. Aruna
Co-author

Hindu College of Pharmacy, Amaravathi Road, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Photo
SK. Bibi Hazara
Co-author

Hindu College of Pharmacy, Amaravathi Road, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Photo
D. Akhil
Co-author

Hindu College of Pharmacy, Amaravathi Road, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Photo
Dr. D. Krishna Priyanka
Co-author

Hindu College of Pharmacy, Amaravathi Road, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

SK. Manisha*, P. Aruna, SK. Bibi Hazara, D. Akhil, Dr. D. Krishna Priyanka, An Overview of Poisoning, Int. J. in Pharm. Sci., 2023, Vol 1, Issue 8, 104-110. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8247304

More related articles
Rosmarinus Officinalis L. : Used for the Treatment...
RUTUJA KHAIRNAR, Shubdha B. Dude, Rutuja N. Pinjarkar , Rutuja B...
Post COVID-19: Analysis Of Reasons For Mask Wearin...
Prabhusaran Nagarajan, Revwathy Subramanian, Vinitha Pandiyan, Cl...
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Mouth Di...
Vinod Bhendale, Trupti Kadam, Rishikesh Bachhav, ...
Effective Communication In Pharmacovigilance...
Prajakta Pujari , Sonali Magdum, Kajal Shinde, Darshani Taral, Prajakta Chaugule, Sadhana Pujari, Ra...
An Overview of Lungs Cancer...
Aditya Chaudhary, Nitin Kumar, ...
A Comprehensive Review On: Exploring The Cytotoxic Activity And Metal Oxide Bind...
Mayur S. Tekade, Sayli A. Tekade, Poonam D. Awaghate, ...
Related Articles
Cancer Vaccines Delivery Systems: Strategies For Efficient Targeting And Immuniz...
Parikshit Nagda, Krishna Hingad, Ghisulal Dewasi, Nirmal Sodha , Nihal Singh Rao, Bhaktraj Singh Cha...
Formulation And In Vitro Evaluation Of Nystatin's In Liposomal Drug Delivery Sys...
Pratikeswar Panda, Sagarika Mohapatra, Rakesh Sahoo, ...
Comparative Study Of Different Polymer Based Emulgel...
Mona Piplani, Kriti Sharma, Rishu Yadav, Pankaj Bhateja, Anjana Devi, ...
Comparative analysis of synthetic and herbal shampoo efficacy ...
Nupoor lokhande , Shireen Siddiqui, Karishma Sharma, Rachana Akhand Giri, Gaurav Dubey, Abhishek Sin...
Rosmarinus Officinalis L. : Used for the Treatment of Hair Loss ...
RUTUJA KHAIRNAR, Shubdha B. Dude, Rutuja N. Pinjarkar , Rutuja B. Aher , ...
More related articles
Rosmarinus Officinalis L. : Used for the Treatment of Hair Loss ...
RUTUJA KHAIRNAR, Shubdha B. Dude, Rutuja N. Pinjarkar , Rutuja B. Aher , ...
Post COVID-19: Analysis Of Reasons For Mask Wearing Intention...
Prabhusaran Nagarajan, Revwathy Subramanian, Vinitha Pandiyan, Clitus Amalraj , Bharath Ragul Mathai...
Rosmarinus Officinalis L. : Used for the Treatment of Hair Loss ...
RUTUJA KHAIRNAR, Shubdha B. Dude, Rutuja N. Pinjarkar , Rutuja B. Aher , ...
Post COVID-19: Analysis Of Reasons For Mask Wearing Intention...
Prabhusaran Nagarajan, Revwathy Subramanian, Vinitha Pandiyan, Clitus Amalraj , Bharath Ragul Mathai...