Eczema is a condition of the skin that usually occurs on the inside of joints but in severe cases can break out all over the body including face. The skin reacts to a wide range of irritants and allergies and breaks out in a red, itchy, dry and inflamed, rash, usually in patches. The intense scratching eczema provokes can cause bleeding and weeping sores. Eczema is very common, affects up one in five people and can start any age. External factor may be a trigger and people often become well aware of what sets off their eczema, such as a soap or fiber or plant for example. Eczema occurs in both children and adults but usually appears during infancy. Eczema is very common condition and if affects all races and ages including young infants. About 1-2 percent of adults have eczema and as many as 20 percent of children are affected. Eczema can be a difficult frustrating condition. The clinical pharmacist becomes a consultant for patients who are put on therapy. He informs the patients of drug interactions and adverse reactions. He ensures a rational therapy and safe therapy. He advices doctors about the dosage forms and dosage regimen(1,2,3). A cream is a semisolid formulation comprising more than 20 percent of water and 50 percent of liquid vehicles usually to apply on skin. A drug molecule is also incorporated by dissolving or dispersing it in a suitable base cream various sorts of creams are accessible in the market to protect the consistency of the skin. Many irritable and unpleasant substances sticking on the skin include skin secretion, sweet, salts, sebum as well as deposits of dirt bounded by oily substances require a special process of expulsion. Hence, a cream is eminent in protecting the           skin from the above substances (4). Resorcinol topicals treat skin condition like eczema, acne, seborrheic dermatitis and more by working to remove rough, scaley and hardened skin. As a result, resorcinol topicals are also effective when dealing with issues like calluses, corns and warts by breaking up and healing the buildup of hardened and dead skin(5,6,7,8).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Materials:-

Resorcinol , Glyceryal , Stearate , Povidone Iodine , Stearic Acid , Mineral Oli ( Castor Oil) , Deionized Water , Rose Petals Form Pharmaceutical Laboratory of  SRGI , RIPSR , FPS.

METHOD :

Preparation of Cream: The Cream was formulated in Laboratory of Sanjay Rungta Group of Institution , RIPSR ( Faculty Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ) , Bhilai . In this study cream of different ratio ware prepared (9,10).

       
           
       
    Fig 2 : Procedure for preparation of cream . five formulationsware prepared in different ratios of chemicals for the preliminary studies.

       
           
       
    Table 2 : Formulation table in different ration

Characterization:

After getting the best formula based on accurate resorcinol , glyceryl stearate , povidone iodine , stearic acid , mineral oil (castoroil) , deionized water & rose pepals, it was further studied for it,s characterization such as colour , appearance , odour , Feel of application , extrudability , PH value , viscosity , spreadability , stability , grittiness , Homogenecity , in vivo study(11,12).All this studies are conducted in the laboratory of SRGI , RIPSR , FPS .

Physical appearance:

The physical appearance was vi sually checked for the color , appearance , odour, feel of application cream formulation was noted(13,14,15).

PH value :

The PH of cream formulations were determined by using the digital PH meter , one gram of cream was dissolved in 100ml distilled water & stored for two hours . Electrodes were completely dipped into the cream formulations and PH was noted . the measurement of PH of each formulation was done(14).

Extrudabilitydetermination:

The cream formulations were filled into collapsible metal tubes .The tubes were pressed to extrude the material and the extrudability of the formulations was checked .The extrudability the formulations was determined in terms of weight in grams required to extrude a 0.5 c.m. ribbon of cream in 10 seconds(16,17).

Viscosity determination :

The viscosity of the prepared cream formulations was measured by brook field viscometer model WDV-8 .The sufficient quantity of cream was filled in wide mouth jar separately .The height of the cream filled in the wide mouth jar should sufficiently allow dipping the spindle .The RPM of the spindle was adjusted to 2.5 RPM .The viscosities of the formulations were recorded(18,19).

Spreadability :

It indicates the extent of area to which cream readily spreads on application to skin or affected part .The therapeutic potency of a formulation also depends upon its spressedvalue .Spreadability is expressed in trems of time in seconds taken by two slides to slip off form cream which is placed in between the slides the under the direction of certain load .Lesser the time taken for the separation of twoslides , better the spreadability(20,21).It is calculated by using the formula

S = M.L/T

where,

M = Weight tied to upper slide

L =  Length of glass slide

T = Time taken to separate the slides.

Stability Studies :

The stability studies were carried out for all the prepared cream formulations by freeze – thaw cycling .Here , by subjecting the formulations to a temperature of 40°C for one month , then at 25°C for one month and then 40°C for one month and syneresis was observed . After this , the cream is exposed to ambient room temperature and liquid exudate separating is noted(22,23,24).

Homogeneity:

After the cream formulations have been set in the container , all developed creams were tested for their appedrance and presence of any lumps , flocculates or aggregates(25,26,27).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION :

1. Physical appearance:

The physical appearance test of 1 cream is done by observing it through sensory organ & following observation is made.

       
           
       
    Table 3: Organoleptic Properties

2. PH Value:

PH values of the sample are measured by using digital pH meter. The graph indicates that all the result of pH values are in range between 6.8 -7.4 .These values indicate that cream is suitable for topical administration .The PH of the prepared cream was 6.9 which is superior for every type of skin.

       
           
       
    Table 4: pH Value of formulation

Viscosity Measurement :

 Viscosity of the sample is measured by using brook field viscometer model – WDV – 8 .

Homogeneity:

It is tested for their appearance & presence of any lumps, flocculates or aggregates .

           
           
       
    Table 6: Homogeneity

In – Vivo studies are performed by the help of franz diffusion cell in the goat skin .

       
           
       
    Fig 5: Working of Franz diffusion cell

       
           
       
    Fig 6: Determination of absorbance by UV spectroscopy