Abstract

The methodology was set up for synchronous estimation of a Nebivolol by RP-HPLC system. The chromatographic conditions were viably created for the unit of Nebivolol by using Inertsil - ODS C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5µ), stream is 1.0 ml/min, convenient stage extent was Methanol: Water (55:45), recognizable proof wave length was 274nm.

Keywords

Introduction

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was derived from the classical column chromatography and is one of the most important tools of analytical chemistry today. In the modern pharmaceutical industry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the major and integral analytical tool applied in all stages of drug discovery, development, and production. HPLC is the method of choice for checking peak purity of new chemical entities, monitoring reaction changes is in synthetic procedures or scale up, evaluating new formulations and carrying out quality control / assurance of the final drug products. The Goal of HPLC method is to try & separate, quantify the main drug, any reaction impurities, all available synthetic intermediates and any degradants. High Performance Liquid Chromatography is now one of the most powerful tools in analytical chemistry. It has the ability to separate, identify, and quantify the compounds that are present in any sample that can be dissolved in a liquid. HPLC is the most accurate analytical methods widely used for the quantitative as well as qualitative analysis of drug product and used for determining drug product stability. HPLC principle is the solution of sample is injected into a column of porous material (stationary phase) and liquid phase (mobile phase) is pumped at higher pressure through the column. The principle of separation followed is the adsorption of solute on stationary phase based on its affinity towards stationary phase.

The technique of HPLC has following features.

1. High resolution
2. Small diameter, Stainless steel, Glass column
3. Rapid analysis
4. Relatively higher mobile phase pressure
5. Controlled flow rate of mobile phase

HPLC Method Development

Methods are developed for new products when no official methods are available. Alternate methods for existing (Non-Pharmacopoeial) products are to reduce the cost and time for better precision and ruggedness. When alternate method proposed is intended to replace the existing procedure comparative laboratory data including merit/demerits are made available. The goal of the HPLC-method is to try & separate, quantify the main active drug, any reaction impurities, all available synthetic inter-mediates and any degradants.

Steps involved in Method development are

1. Understanding the Physicochemical properties of drug molecule
2. Selection of chromatographic conditions
3. Developing the approach of analysis
4. Sample preparation
5. Method optimization
6. Method validation

Materials and Methods

Instruments used:

1. HPLC – Waters Model NO.2690/5 series Compact System Consisting of Inertsil-C18 ODS column
2. UV spectrophotometer (Systronics)
3. Electronic balance (SARTORIOUS)
4. Sonicator (FAST CLEAN)

Chemicals used:

• Methanol HPLC Grade
• Buffer (KH2PO4) HPLC Grade

Drug Profile:

NEBIVOLOL

Synonym:  

Nebivolol, Nebivololum

Chemical Structure:

Fig.1 Chemical Structure of Nebivolol

IUPAC:

(1R)-1-[(2R)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-2-[[(2R)-2-[(2S)-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]ethanol

Molecular Framework:

Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds      

Molecular formula:

C22H25F2NO4

Molecular weight:

405.4 g/mol

Monoisotopic:

405.17516460 g/mol

Physico Chemical Properties

Appearance:

Solid in nature

Solubility:

0.091g/100mL in water

Melting Point:

223.0-228.00C

pKa   : 

Strongest Acidic   - 8.13

Strongest Basic     - 8.22        

log P: 4.183

EXPERIMENTAL WORK:

Stock and standard Working solution:

Nebivolol is used as working standard in this method development

Stock Solution Preparation:

Take 100 mg Nebivolol working standard in 100 ml Volumetric flask, add methanol up to the mark sonicate for 30 minutes (i.e. 1000 ppm solution).

Further Dilution (or) Trials Solution:

Take 10 ml of above solution in 100 ml Volumetric flask, add Methanol up to the mark sonicate for 10 minutes (i.e. 100 ppm solution)

Selection of Wave Length:

Scan standard solution in UV spectrophotometer between 200 nm to 400 nm on spectrum mode, using diluents as a blank. Nebivolol   shows ?max at 274nm.

Fig.2 UV Spectrum of Nebivolol at 274nm

Development of HPLC Method:

The goal of this study was to improve the assay technique for simultaneous quantification of Nebivolol on literature surveys. As a result, the trials detailed below show how the optimization was accomplished.

Table.1 Chromatographic Conditions

Method Validation:

System Suitability:

A Standard solution was prepared by using Nebivolol working standard as per test method and was injected five times into the HPLC system. The system suitability parameters were evaluated from standard chromatograms by calculating the % RSD from five replicate injections for Nebivolol retention times and peak areas.

Specificity:

Solutions of standard and sample were prepared as per the test method are injected into chromatographic system.

Precision:

Repeatability:

System precision: Standard solution prepared as per test method and injected five times.

Method precision:

Prepared five sample preparations individually using single as per test method and injected each solution.% relative standard deviation of individual Nebivolol, from the five units should be not more than 2.0%.The assay of Nebivolol should be not less than 98% and not more than 102.0%.

Intermediate precision:

The study was conducted by as per test method. The individual assays of Nebivolol should not be less than 98% and not more than 102% and %RSD of assay should be NMT 2.0%.

Repeatability:

Table.2 Data of Repeatability

In this validation study the accuracy can be determined by calculating the following concentration such as 50%, 100% and 150%. The assay of Nebivolol should not be less than 98% and not more than 102.0%. The obtained results are shown in table.

Table.3 Data of Accuracy

Linearity:

The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest concentration that can be detected but not necessarily quantified as an exact value. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is the lowest amount of analyte in the sample that can be quantitatively determined with suitable precision and accuracy.

Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation (LOD and LOQ):

From the linearity plot the SLOD and LOQ are calculated:

LOD =  3.3 ?/S

3.3×2431.578/31282 = 0.25

LOQ = 10 ?/S

10×2431.578/31282 = 0.77

Table.4 Data of Linearity

Fig.3 Linearity Plot (Concentration Vs Response)

Ruggedness:

System variability:

System variability study was conducted on HPLC system, under similar conditions at different times. Five samples were prepared and each was analyzed as per test method. The results obtained on HPLC system shows that the assay test method are rugged for System variability. The % relative standard deviation of Nebivolol from the five sample preparations should not be more than 2.0%. The % assay of Nebivolol should be between 98.0%-102.0%.

Table. 5 Data of system variability (sample)
       
           
       
    

Robustness:

Effect of variation of flow rate:

A study was conducted to determine the effect of variation in flow rate. Standard solution prepared as per the test method was injected into the HPLC system using flow rates 1.0 ml/min and 1.2 ml/min. The system suitability parameters were evaluated and found to be within the limits for 1.0 ml/min and 1.2 ml/min flow. Nebivolol was resolved from all other peaks and the retention times were comparable with those obtained for mobile phase having flow rates 1.0ml/min. The Tailing Factor of Nebivolol standards should be NMT 2.0 for Variation in flow.  

Table. 6 Data for Effect of variation in flow rate:
       
           
       
    

Marketed Sample Analysis:

Table.6 Data for Marketed Sample
       
           
       
    

FTIR

       
           
       
    Fig.4 FTIR Spectra for Nebivolol

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

Different parameters were studied to create the analytical approach. For starters, the maximum absorbance of Nebivolol was discovered to be 274nm. The injection volume was set at 20µl, which resulted in a nice peak area. The Inertsil C18 column was employed in this work, and ODS picked a nice peak shape. The temperature of the ambient environment was determined to be adequate for the type of the medication solution. Because of the good peak area, adequate retention duration, and good resolution, the flow rate was set at 1.0ml/min. Different mobile phase ratios were investigated, however the mobile phase with a Methanol: Water (55:45) ratio was chosen because to its symmetrical peaks and high resolution. As a result, the planned research made use of this mobile phase. The accuracy of both the system and the procedure was determined to be precise and within the range. The correlation coefficient and curve fitting were discovered during the linearity investigation. The analytical approach of drug was shown to be linear throughout a range of 20-70ppm of the target concentration. The developed method was found to be rapid, accurate, precise, specific, robust and economical. Both robustness and ruggedness tests were passed by the analytical. The relative standard deviation in both circumstances was excellent.

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